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Ex Physiology > 2. Joints > Flashcards

2. Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of joints?

A

Synovial
Fibrous
Carlitegenous

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2
Q

Define joints?

A

The areas where 2 bones are attached to allow the body to move

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3
Q

Describe fibrous joints?

A

Immoveable

Within the skull or the sacrum

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4
Q

Describe cartilaginous joint?

A

Slightly moveable

E.g. ribs and vertebrate

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5
Q

Describe synovial joints?

A

Freely moveable

The distinct feature is the synovial capsule surrounding the joints plus the presence of the synovial fluid.

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6
Q

List the types of synovial joint?

A 
Hinge
Ball and Socket
Gliding
Pivot
Condyloid
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7
Q

What factors impact the joint?

A

The shape of the articular surfaces
Capsule and ligaments/tendons
Muscle tone
Gravity

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8
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Dense collagen fibres attaching bone to bone
Occur across joints
Strongest in the direction of pull with fibres
Do not function well when twisted

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9
Q

What are tendons?

A

Connect muscle to bone
Tight packed collagen bundles
twice the strength of the muscles
Essential in movement

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10
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A

fluid contained within the capsule which acts as a shock absorber

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11
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid?

A
  1. Lubrication
  2. Nutrient distribution
  3. Shock absorption
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12
Q

What are bursae?

A

Small fluid filled pockets in connective tissue.
Contain synovial fluid and lined by a synovial membrane.
Form where a tendon or ligament rubs against other tissues.

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13
Q

What is the function of bursae?

A

Reduce friction

Act as a shock absorber

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14
Q

What is a condyloid joint?

A

Permits movement in 2 planes
Flexion/extention as well as abduction/adduction
e.g. the wrist

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15
Q

What is a hinge joint?

A

Move alone one axis - flexion and extension

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16
Q

What is a ball and socket joint?

A

Allows multidirectional movement and rotation
Movement in every plane
e.g. hip and femur

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17
Q

What is a pivot joint?

A

Allows rotary movement around a single axis
One bone rotates around the other
e.g. neck

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18
Q

What is a gliding/plane joint?

A

When bones meet at flat surfaces
Small shifting movemements
e.g. within the fingers and toes

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19
Q

What is flexion?

A

The reduction of an angle at the joint
The bending of a joint
bringing the bones closer together

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20
Q

What is extension?

A

Increasing the angle at the joint.

The straightening/opening of a joint

21
Q

What is hyperextension?

A

Moving a joint into excessive extension

22
Q

What is abduction?

A

Movement away from the midline

Happens on the frontal plane

23
Q

What is adduction?

A

Moving towards the midline

ADD to the body

24
Q

What is elevation?

A

To raise a joint

e.g. Elevation of the scapula during a shoulder shrug

25
Q

What is depression?

A

To pull down a joint

E.g. opening the mouth is the depression of the jaw

26
Q

What is horizontal flexion?

A

Movement forward of the body on the transverse plane

e.g. chest fly

27
Q

What is lateral flexion?

A

To bend sideways in the horizontal plane

e.g. trunk sideways

28
Q

What is horizontal extension?

A

The movement opposite to the horizontal plane

e.g. reverse fly

29
Q

What is rotation?

A

Rotary movement along the axis

30
Q

What is protraction?

A

Drawing the shoulder forward

To PROTRUDE

31
Q

What is retraction?

A

Pulling the shoulder backwards

To RETRACT

32
Q

What is plantar flexion?

A

Pointing the toes away from the body
e.g. pushing down on a pedal
PLANTing foot on the ground

33
Q

What is dorsiflexion?

A

Pulling the toes towards the body

e.g. raising toes up to the sky

34
Q

What is eversion?

A

Turning the foot outwards at the talo-crual joint

35
Q

What is inversion?

A

Turning the foot inwards at the talo-crual joint

Turn IN

36
Q

What is pronation?

A

Turning the palm down

prone to spilling

37
Q

What is supination?

A

Turning the palm up

carrying soup

38
Q

What is opposition?

A

Meeting of the thumb and 5th finger

39
Q

What actions occurs along the sagittal plane?

A

Flexion and extension

40
Q

What is the midline known as?

A

The midsagittal plane

41
Q

What actions occur along the frontal plane?

A

Adduction and abduction

42
Q

What action occurs along the transverse plane?

43
Q

Where is the posterior of the body?

A

A structure further towards the back than to the front

44
Q

Where is the anterior of the body?

A

A structure further in front than behind

45
Q

What does distal mean?

A

A structure further away from the trunk/midline

46
Q

What does proximal mean?

A

A structure closer to the trunk

47
Q

What is a saddle joint?

A

Allows movement within 2 planes e.g. thumb

48
Q

How many types of joint are there?

49
Q

Name the 6 types of joints

A
  1. Hinge
  2. Saddle
  3. Condyloid
  4. Ball and socket
  5. Gliding
  6. Pivot

Ex Physiology (25 decks)

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