Blood

Question 1

3 functions of the blood?

Answer 1

1. Transportation
2. Regulation
3. Protection

Question 2

Explain transportation (3 major aspects)

Answer 2

Blood carries oxygen to lungs and CO2 for exhalation
Tranports nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract
Transports hormones from endocrine glands

Question 3

Explain regulation (4 major aspects)

Answer 3

Maintains homeostasis of body fluids
Maintains pH
Regulates body temperature (through varying the flow rate through the skin, vasodilation etc)
Regulates water content in the cells through osmotic pressure

Question 4

Explain protection

Answer 4

Clotting by platelets
Reduce risk of infection (WBC)
Carries blood proteins (antibodies)

Question 5

What are the 2 components of the blood?

Answer 5

1. Blood Plasma

2. Formed elements

Question 6

How much does blood plasma make up?

Answer 6

55%

Question 7

what is plasma made up of?

Answer 7

91. 5% water

8. 5% solutes (plasma proteins)

Question 8

How much does formed elements make up?

Answer 8

45%

Question 9

Name the 3 formed elements

Answer 9

Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, Platelets

Question 10

What are white blood cells?

Answer 10

Increase immunity

Fight infection

Question 11

What are red blood cells?

Answer 11

Carry haemoglobin to transport oxygen

Question 12

What are platelets?

Answer 12

Control bleeding

Aid blood clotting

Question 13

What are the 5 types of blood vessel?

Answer 13

Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins

Question 14

Describe arteries

Answer 14

Elastic
Take blood away from the heart
Made up of three tunica coats

Question 15

Name the 3 tunica coats

Answer 15

Tunica interna 
Tunica media (smooth and elastic)
Tunica externa (elastic coat)

Question 16

Describe arterioles

Answer 16

Smaller than arteries
Same structure
Help to regulate blood flow to the capillaries
Create resistance against the arteries

Question 17

Describe capillaries

Answer 17

Aid micro circulation
Allows gaseous exchange (diffusion)
Only one cell wide

Question 18

Describe venules

Answer 18

Very porous
Where white blood cells emigrate
Go back to the heart

Question 19

Describe veins

Answer 19

3 layers (tunica externa, tunica media and tunica interna)
Lack elasticity
Have valves to prevent blood back flow
Skeletal muscle acts as a muscular pump

Question 20

What is blood pressure?

Answer 20

The pressure exerted by blood on the vessel walls

Expressed by 2 numbers

Question 21

Explain the blood pressure numbers

Answer 21

Higher number = systole (ventricular contraction)

lowest number = dyastole (when the heart is at rest)

Question 22

What is normal blood pressure?

Answer 22

120/80

Question 23

What is high normal blood pressure?

Answer 23

120/80 - 129/84

Question 24

What is hypertension

Answer 24

High blood pressure

Question 25

What is primary hypertension?

Answer 25

persistently high blood pressure with no indentifiable cause

Question 26

Stage 1 hyper tension?

Answer 26

140-149/90-99

Question 27

Stage 2 hyper tension?

Answer 27

160-179/100-109

Question 28

Stage 3 hyper tension?

Answer 28

180 or more / 110 or more

Question 29

Average cardiac output?

Answer 29

70 x 77

= 5250 ml