Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the function of the respiratory system?
Supply the cells of the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body
What is the respiratory tract?
A passageway for air
What are the two structures of the respiratory system? What are their bodily organs?
Upper respiratory tract > nose, nasal cavity and pharynx
Lower respiratory tract > larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts and the alveoli
What are alveoli?
Air sacs of the lungs
What is the nose structure? What is it’s function?
Bone, hyaline cartilage and dense irregular connective tissue
The first structure of the conducting passageway for inhaled air
What is the function of the nasal cavity?
Conduct air that enters the respiratory tract. The blood vessels here heat up the air
What is the larynx? What’s its function?
Voice box
Passageway for air, stops materials going into the respiratory tract, and to produce sound
What is the pharynx?
Funnel-shaped passageway begins the nose and mouth
What is the trachea?
Flexible, rigid organ, known as the windpipe. In front of the oesophagus and behind the sternum
What is bronchitis?
Inflammation of the bronchi caused by a viral or bacterial infection
Where are the lungs?
In the thoracic cavity, protected by the thoracic cage
Why is the right lung wider then the left?
The right lung forces the blood back to the heart
What are the four processes of respiration?
Pulmonary ventilation
Alveolar has exchange
Gas transport
Systemic gas exchange
What is apnea?
Absence of breathing
What is gas transport?
The transport of movement of respiratory gases within the blood between the lungs and systemic cells
What is pulmonary ventilation?
Movement of gases between the atmosphere and the alveoli
What is deoxyhemoglobin?
haemoglobin without bound oxygen
What is tidal volume (TV), what is the norm?
Amount of air moved in and out of the lungs with each breath, in normal breathing. Normally 500ml
How do you calculate the pulmonary ventilation rate?
Tidal volume x respiratory rate in ml/min
What is alveolar ventilation rate?
Amount of air that researches the alveoli per minute
How do you calculate AVR?
(Tidal volume – dead space) x RR
What is vital capacity?
Maximum volume of air that can be expelled after a maximum inspiration
What are the two types of circulation?
Pulmonary circulation and bronchial circulation
What is oxyhemoglobin?
oxygen bound to haemoglobin
