Endocrine System Flashcards
What is the endocrine system made up of?
Several glands
What is the function of the endocrine system?
To produce and release hormones, hormones which will then regulate parts of the body
What are endocrine glands?
Produce and release substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct
What are endocrine glands?
Produces and releases hormones
Where are hormones released? Where do they go?
Released from the endocrine system into the bloodstream, until they bind with a specific receptor
What are two different types of hormones?
Water soluble hormones and lipid soluble hormones
What happens when lipid soluble hormones creates a new protein?
The cell’s activity will be altered, causing a response typical of that specific hormone
What are classified as lipid soluble hormones?
Steroid hormones, thyroid hormones and nitrite oxide.
What are the 5 functions of hormones?
Alter the characteristics of the cell membrane > more or less permeble
Stimulates the production of regulatory molecules inside a cell
Activates & 0deactivates enzymes
Causes cells to start secreting
Causes mitosis
Where is the pituitary gland?
Under the base of the brain
Where are the adrenal glands?
There are two glands, one on top of each kidney
What is the function of the adrenal glands?
Produce different hormones.
What are the two parts of the adrenal gland? Which hormones do they produce?
The outer adrenal cortex (makes up 85% of the gland) > steroid hormones
The inner adrenal medulla > epinephrine and norepinephrine.
What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland? What are their functions?
Anterior lobe which produces and releases hormones
Posterior lobe, which does not produce the hormones, but does release them
What is the function of a steroid hormone?
Regulates carbohydrate metabolism and has acts as an anti-inflammatory
What is the function of the hormone epinephrine?
To increases cardiac output and raises glucose levels
What is the hormone norepinephrine?
Stress hormone
What is the function of the hormone cortisol?
To regulate the metabolism of glucose
What is the function of the hormone aldosterone?
To regulates blood pressure to increase the amount of salt reabsorbed, and the amount of potassium excreted
What is the pancreas? Where is it?
A flattened organ located in the curve of the duodenum
What is it composed of? What does this do?
Consists of a cluster of cells called the pancreatic islets. These alpha cells produce the hormone glucagon, an other islet cells. The beta cell creates insulin. The pancreas regulates blood glucose level.
What does glucagon do?
Raises the concentration of glucose and fatty acids in the blood stream when it falls below normal
What doe insulin do?
Controls blood glucose by telling the liver to take the glucose from the blood
What is the thyroid gland?
Butterfly shaped organ that sits in front of the throat.
