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Yr1 HS1023 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the endocrine system made up of?

A

Several glands

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2
Q

What is the function of the endocrine system?

A

To produce and release hormones, hormones which will then regulate parts of the body

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3
Q

What are endocrine glands?

A

Produce and release substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct

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4
Q

What are endocrine glands?

A

Produces and releases hormones

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5
Q

Where are hormones released? Where do they go?

A

Released from the endocrine system into the bloodstream, until they bind with a specific receptor

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6
Q

What are two different types of hormones?

A

Water soluble hormones and lipid soluble hormones

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7
Q

What happens when lipid soluble hormones creates a new protein?

A

The cell’s activity will be altered, causing a response typical of that specific hormone

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8
Q

What are classified as lipid soluble hormones?

A

Steroid hormones, thyroid hormones and nitrite oxide.

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9
Q

What are the 5 functions of hormones?

A

Alter the characteristics of the cell membrane > more or less permeble

Stimulates the production of regulatory molecules inside a cell

Activates & 0deactivates enzymes

Causes cells to start secreting

Causes mitosis

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10
Q

Where is the pituitary gland?

A

Under the base of the brain

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11
Q

Where are the adrenal glands?

A

There are two glands, one on top of each kidney

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12
Q

What is the function of the adrenal glands?

A

Produce different hormones.

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13
Q

What are the two parts of the adrenal gland? Which hormones do they produce?

A

The outer adrenal cortex (makes up 85% of the gland) > steroid hormones

The inner adrenal medulla > epinephrine and norepinephrine.

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14
Q

What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland? What are their functions?

A

Anterior lobe which produces and releases hormones

Posterior lobe, which does not produce the hormones, but does release them

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15
Q

What is the function of a steroid hormone?

A

Regulates carbohydrate metabolism and has acts as an anti-inflammatory

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16
Q

What is the function of the hormone epinephrine?

A

To increases cardiac output and raises glucose levels

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17
Q

What is the hormone norepinephrine?

A

Stress hormone

18
Q

What is the function of the hormone cortisol?

A

To regulate the metabolism of glucose

19
Q

What is the function of the hormone aldosterone?

A

To regulates blood pressure to increase the amount of salt reabsorbed, and the amount of potassium excreted

20
Q

What is the pancreas? Where is it?

A

A flattened organ located in the curve of the duodenum

21
Q

What is it composed of? What does this do?

A

Consists of a cluster of cells called the pancreatic islets. These alpha cells produce the hormone glucagon, an other islet cells. The beta cell creates insulin. The pancreas regulates blood glucose level.

22
Q

What does glucagon do?

A

Raises the concentration of glucose and fatty acids in the blood stream when it falls below normal

23
Q

What doe insulin do?

A

Controls blood glucose by telling the liver to take the glucose from the blood

24
Q

What is the thyroid gland?

A

Butterfly shaped organ that sits in front of the throat.

25
Q

What is the function of follicles?

A

These cells are responsible for producing thyroglobulin (protein, about half of the protein count of the thyroid gland)

26
Q

What two major hormones are produced by the thyroid gland? what controls their production?

A

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine

A feedback loop which involves the pituitary gland, hypothalamus and the thyroid gland.

27
Q

What does the hypothalamus produce? What does this causes the pituitary gland to do?

A

Hyrotropin-releasing hormones, which stimulates the pituitary gland to produce thyroid simulating hormones > this then simulates the hormone production

28
Q

What is the function of thyroid hormones?

A

To regulate metabolic rate, heart and digestive functions, muscle control, brain development and maintenance of bones

29
Q

What is created in the parathyroid gland? What does this do?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

It raises the blood calcium by breaking down the body, and causing calcium release. It increases the body’s ability to absorb calcium from food

30
Q

Why is PTH produced?

A

When the calcium levels in the blood go to low. When they are high, the gland stop releasing.

31
Q

Why is vitamin D important?

A

For the absorption of calcium

32
Q

What is hypothyroidism?

A

Underactive thyroids

Not enough hormones are being produced

33
Q

What is hyperthyroidism?

A

Overactive thyroids

Too many hormones are being produced

34
Q

What happens when a cell has 1 or more hormones attached?

A

1) They work together to produce a greater effect
2) One hormone needs permission from another hormone to have an effect
3) One hormone causes the other hormone to stop working, producing a smaller effect

35
Q

What is the hormal system controled by?

A

Chemicals in the blood - this chemicals directly control the gland

36
Q

What happens when the nervous system is under chronic stress?

A

It passes the responsibility over to the endocrine system

37
Q

What is the adenohypophysis?

A

Anterior lobe/ anterior pituitary

38
Q

What is the neurohypophysis?

A

The posterior lobe/ posterior pituitrary

39
Q

What controls the pituitary gland?

A

The hypothalamus

40
Q

What is a anti-diuretic?

A

Hormone produced to stop you going to the toilet in the middle of the night

41
Q

What are 4 reasons we give steriod drugs?

A

Replacement therapy
Reduce inflammation
Reduce immune activity
Analgesia - pain relief

42
Q

What is somatostatin?

A

A hormone which decreases blood levels of insulin

Yr1 HS1023 (18 decks)

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