Respiratory System Flashcards
Why are the lungs well suited to their gas exchange?
- alveoli give the lungs a huge SA
- each alveolus is well supplied with blood vessels. This continuous flow of blood helps to maintain a difference in concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and air in the lungs
- membrane of the alveolus is very thin
What is the process of Inspiration? It is opposite for expiration
1) ICM contract, expanding the ribcage
1) diaphragm contracts
2) lung volume increases
3) air flow from high to low pressure in the lungs
List the reasons as to why the alveoli make gas exchange possible.
- 1 cell thick wall
- lined with a film of moisture (for gases to dissolve)
- high SA
These characteristics make it easy for gases to diffuse to and from the body
For diffusion of gases in/out of the blood, there must be a concentration gradient. How is it maintained?
- constant flow of blood through the capillaries
- the movement of air in/out of the alveoli
What is used to provide energy by means of aerobic respiration within cells?
Carbohydrates
How is most oxygen transported to tissues?
It is bonded to the haemoglobin on the erythrocytes (RBCs)
What allows the lungs to move freely and without friction between the inner walls of the thorax?
Fluid within the pleura.
Why is blood flow in the lungs relatively low?
The capillaries in the lungs are very narrow.
What is the function of cilia?
Prevents foreign particles from entering the lungs/airways.
How are ATP and ADP related?
ATP one more phosphate ion and more stored energy than ADP.
