Reproductive Cycles And Fertalisation

Question 1

What is the ovarian cycle?

Answer 1

The ovarian cycle is a series of events that rake place within the ovaries. It includes the maturation of an egg and its release into the uterine tube.

Question 2

What is the menstrual cycle?

Answer 2

A series of changes occur in the lining of the uterus.

Question 3

What’s another name for a mature follicle?

Answer 3

A Graafian follicle

Question 4

What is ovulation?

Answer 4

Ovulation is a process when the mature follicle bursts and expels the egg.

Question 5

What is the corpus luteum?

Answer 5

The corpus luteum is comprised of remaining follicle cells which enlarge and change colour to form a cream-coloured body.

Question 6

What structure secretes hormones that influence the development of the endometrium?

Answer 6

The corpus luteum

Question 7

What is the corpus albicans?

Answer 7

A fibrous mass of scar tissue that forms forms from the corpus luteum if fertilisation does not occur.

Question 8

What happens if fertilisation takes place?

Answer 8

Pregnancy follows, the corpus luteum continues to develop and the ovarian cycle cease.

Question 9

What happens to the endometrium in the first stage of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 9

It is the period during which the follicle is maturing - the endometrium of the uterus becomes thicker and softer, increasing the number of blood vessels and mucus-secreting glands.

Question 10

After ovulation, the endometrium continues to thicken. What does is secrete?

Answer 10

The glands within the endometrium lining begin to secrete a watery mucus rich in glycogen.

Question 11

If an egg is not fertilised by sperm, what happens to the corpus luteum?

Answer 11

The corpus luteum degenerates, reducing the amount of hormone influencing the build-up of the endometrium, resulting in its breakdown.

Question 12

Name the stage that occurs on days 1-4 of the menstrual cycle and the event.

Answer 12

• Menstruation.

Uterine bleeding, accompanied by shedding of the endometrium.

Question 13

Name the stage that occurs on days 5-12 of the menstrual cycle and the event.

Answer 13

• Preovulation

- endometrium repair beings; development of ovarian follicle; uterine lining gradually thickens.

Question 14

Name the stage that occurs on days 13-15 of the menstrual cycle and the event.

Answer 14

• ovulation

Rupture of mature follicle, releasing egg.

Question 15

Name the stage that occurs on days 16 - 20 of the menstrual cycle and the event.

Answer 15

• secretion.
  Secretion of water mucus glands of endometrium, cervix and uterine tubes; movement and breakdown of unfertilised egg; development of corpus luteum.

Question 16

Name the stage that occurs on days 21 - 28 of the menstrual cycle and the event.

Answer 16

• premenstruation.

Degeneration of corpus luteum; deterioration of endometrium.

Question 17

What is menarche?

Answer 17

When menstruation first begins (during puberty).

Question 18

The menstrual and ovarian cycles, and other features of human reproductive systems depend on what?

Answer 18

They depend on the endocrine glands.

Question 19

What is one important endocrine glands associated with the reproductive system?

Answer 19

The pituitary gland.

Question 20

Where is the pituitary gland located and what does it secrete?

Answer 20

The pituitary is a small organ lying in a pit in the bone below the brains and above the roof of the mouth.
The hormones is secretes include some that stimulate parts of the RS

Question 21

What are the main target organs for hormones in the RS?

Answer 21

The testes and ovaries.

Question 22

What is FSH and what does it stand for?

Answer 22

FSH is a hormone - Follicle-stimulating hormone.

Question 23

What does the FSH stimulate?

Answer 23

Is stimulates the development and maturation of the ovarian cycle.

Question 24

During the ovarian cycle, what hormone is secreted?

Answer 24

Oestrogen.

Question 25

What is the second pituitary hormone? What does it do?

Answer 25

• luteinising hormong (LH)

It promotes the final maturation of the ovarian follicle, ovulation, and the formation of the corpus luteum.

Question 26

What does the corpus luteum secrete?

Answer 26

Progesterone.

Question 27

Where is oestrogen and progesterone secreted and by what structure?

Answer 27

Oestrogen - the ovarian cycle.

Progesterone - the corpus luteum.

Question 28

Complete the following sentence:

The _______ of sex hormones at ________ brings about development of __________ _______ _____________.

Answer 28

The secretion of sex hormones at puberty brings about development of secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 29

What does the ovarian cycle include?

Answer 29

• maturation of an egg
• release of an egg into the uterine tube
• development of follicles in the ovary
• formation of the corpus luteum

Question 30

What does the menstrual cycle include?

Answer 30

• a series of changes in the endo

- possible implantation of a fertilised egg

Question 31

What 2 hormones does the pituitary gland and what do they affect?

Answer 31

The gonadotophic hormones

1) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
2) Luteinising hormone (LH)

They affect the gonads.

Question 32

What does FSH target in the ovaries? (think of the name)

Answer 32

FSH targets the follicles in the ovaries and thus, stimulates the development and maturation of the follicle.

Question 33

What does the FSH target in the testes? S

Answer 33

FSH targets the seminiferous tubules to help secrete sperm.

Question 34

What does LH target in the ovaries and what’s the affect of this hormone? (3)

Answer 34

LH targets the cells of the ovaries to help promote the final maturation of follicles, ovulation and formation of the corps luteum that secretes oestrogen and pro

Question 35

What does LH target in the testes and what’s the affect of this hormone?

Answer 35

LH targets the interstitial cells of the testes, stimulating the secretion of testosterone.