Reproductive Cycles And Fertalisation Flashcards
What is the ovarian cycle?
The ovarian cycle is a series of events that rake place within the ovaries. It includes the maturation of an egg and its release into the uterine tube.
What is the menstrual cycle?
A series of changes occur in the lining of the uterus.
What’s another name for a mature follicle?
A Graafian follicle
What is ovulation?
Ovulation is a process when the mature follicle bursts and expels the egg.
What is the corpus luteum?
The corpus luteum is comprised of remaining follicle cells which enlarge and change colour to form a cream-coloured body.
What structure secretes hormones that influence the development of the endometrium?
The corpus luteum
What is the corpus albicans?
A fibrous mass of scar tissue that forms forms from the corpus luteum if fertilisation does not occur.
What happens if fertilisation takes place?
Pregnancy follows, the corpus luteum continues to develop and the ovarian cycle cease.
What happens to the endometrium in the first stage of the ovarian cycle?
It is the period during which the follicle is maturing - the endometrium of the uterus becomes thicker and softer, increasing the number of blood vessels and mucus-secreting glands.
After ovulation, the endometrium continues to thicken. What does is secrete?
The glands within the endometrium lining begin to secrete a watery mucus rich in glycogen.
If an egg is not fertilised by sperm, what happens to the corpus luteum?
The corpus luteum degenerates, reducing the amount of hormone influencing the build-up of the endometrium, resulting in its breakdown.
Name the stage that occurs on days 1-4 of the menstrual cycle and the event.
- Menstruation.
Uterine bleeding, accompanied by shedding of the endometrium.
Name the stage that occurs on days 5-12 of the menstrual cycle and the event.
- Preovulation
- endometrium repair beings; development of ovarian follicle; uterine lining gradually thickens.
Name the stage that occurs on days 13-15 of the menstrual cycle and the event.
- ovulation
Rupture of mature follicle, releasing egg.
Name the stage that occurs on days 16 - 20 of the menstrual cycle and the event.
- secretion.
Secretion of water mucus glands of endometrium, cervix and uterine tubes; movement and breakdown of unfertilised egg; development of corpus luteum.
Name the stage that occurs on days 21 - 28 of the menstrual cycle and the event.
- premenstruation.
Degeneration of corpus luteum; deterioration of endometrium.
What is menarche?
When menstruation first begins (during puberty).
The menstrual and ovarian cycles, and other features of human reproductive systems depend on what?
They depend on the endocrine glands.
What is one important endocrine glands associated with the reproductive system?
The pituitary gland.
Where is the pituitary gland located and what does it secrete?
The pituitary is a small organ lying in a pit in the bone below the brains and above the roof of the mouth.
The hormones is secretes include some that stimulate parts of the RS
What are the main target organs for hormones in the RS?
The testes and ovaries.
What is FSH and what does it stand for?
FSH is a hormone - Follicle-stimulating hormone.
What does the FSH stimulate?
Is stimulates the development and maturation of the ovarian cycle.
During the ovarian cycle, what hormone is secreted?
Oestrogen.
What is the second pituitary hormone? What does it do?
- luteinising hormong (LH)
It promotes the final maturation of the ovarian follicle, ovulation, and the formation of the corpus luteum.
What does the corpus luteum secrete?
Progesterone.
Where is oestrogen and progesterone secreted and by what structure?
Oestrogen - the ovarian cycle.
Progesterone - the corpus luteum.
Complete the following sentence:
The _______ of sex hormones at ________ brings about development of __________ _______ _____________.
The secretion of sex hormones at puberty brings about development of secondary sexual characteristics.
What does the ovarian cycle include?
- maturation of an egg
- release of an egg into the uterine tube
- development of follicles in the ovary
- formation of the corpus luteum
What does the menstrual cycle include?
- a series of changes in the endo
- possible implantation of a fertilised egg
What 2 hormones does the pituitary gland and what do they affect?
The gonadotophic hormones
1) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
2) Luteinising hormone (LH)
They affect the gonads.
What does FSH target in the ovaries? (think of the name)
FSH targets the follicles in the ovaries and thus, stimulates the development and maturation of the follicle.
What does the FSH target in the testes? S
FSH targets the seminiferous tubules to help secrete sperm.
What does LH target in the ovaries and what’s the affect of this hormone? (3)
LH targets the cells of the ovaries to help promote the final maturation of follicles, ovulation and formation of the corps luteum that secretes oestrogen and pro
What does LH target in the testes and what’s the affect of this hormone?
LH targets the interstitial cells of the testes, stimulating the secretion of testosterone.
