Inheritance (chapter 22) Flashcards
What is cytology
The study of cells
What is a gene
The factor that determines an inherited characteristic; located in the chromosomes
What is an allele
An alternative form of a gene
What does it mean to have a dominant trait
An allele they masks e effect of another allele
What does it mean to have a recessive trait
An allele that is masked by the effect of an alternative allele
What is homozygous
The situation where an individual has the same alleles for a particular characteristic; pure-breeding
What is heterozygous
The situation where an individual posses different alleles for a particular characteristic; hybrid
What is phenotype
The physical appearance of an individual as determines by the expression of the aloes for the characteristic
What is genotype
The genetic makeup of an individual as determined by the alleles for the characteristics of being considered.
Who was known as the Father of Genetics?
Gregor Mendel
What are pure-breeding
Those that produce the same characteristics in each succeeding generation when bred among themselves.
What’s another name for the offspring?
Progeny
What are hybrids?
The hybrid is the dominant trait because it masks the appearance of the other characteristic, which we call recessive.
The 22 pairs of non-sec chromosomes are called what? What are they not involved in?
Autosomes.
They are not involved in sex determination and are not shown.
What is a hemizygous
A term used instead of homozygous or heterozygous
What is co-dominance?
Co-dominance is a situation where both dominant traits mix to form a heterozygous. Eg. A red and white flower mix to form a pink flower.
What is polymorphism?
It is where many different physical forms can result from the various alleles at a single gene location.
What is mtDNA?
MtDNA is where a small amount of DNA is found in the mitochondria.
How many autosomes occur in each. Or mal human cell and each sperm or egg?
22/23 pairs of autosomal chromosomes.
Unfinished
What are sex linked or X-linked characteristics?
Characteristics that show different patterns in the two sexes are called SL or XL
Give examples of Sex linked characteristics
Colour blindness, diabetes insipidus, haemophilia
