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human bio YEAR 11 > respiratory system > Flashcards

respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the nasal cavity?

A
  • moisten and warm air
  • cleans air
  • smell receptors
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2
Q

what is the function of the pharynx?

A
  • air from the nasal cavity passes through
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3
Q

what is the function of the epiglottis?

A
  • flap of tissue

- closes during swallowing to the trachea so food cannot enter the lungs

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4
Q

what is the function of the larynx?

A
  • contains vocal cords

- enables sound productions

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5
Q

what is the function of the trachea?

A
  • lined with cilia + mucus-secreting cells

- provides path for air

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6
Q

what is the function of the bronchi?

A
  • c shaped rings of catilage

- takes air to lungs

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7
Q

what is the function of the bronchioles?

A
  • fine tubes
  • smooth muscle
  • carry air to alveoli
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8
Q

what is the function of the alveoli?

A
  • tiny air sacs
  • thin walls
  • sit of gaseous exchange
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9
Q

what is the function of the intercostal muscles?

A
  • between the ribs

- move the rib cage

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10
Q

what is the function of the diaphragm?

A
  • contracts and flatterns
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11
Q

what is the function of the lungs?

A
  • occupy all chest cavity
  • covered by a pleural membrane
  • move air
  • site for gaseous exchange
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12
Q

what occurs during inhalation/inspiration?

A
  • intercostal muscles contract
  • ribs and sternum move up and out
  • diaphragm contracts
  • increase volume of thoratic cavity
  • air pressure decreases
  • air rushes to lungs = pressure (H>L)
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13
Q

what happens during expiration/exhalation?

A
  • intercostal muscles relax
  • ribs and sternum move down and in
  • diaphragm relaxes
  • decrease volume of thoratic cavity
  • air pressure increases
  • air forced out of lungs = pressure (H>L)
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14
Q

what is the alveoli?

A
  • tiny air sacs
  • resemble a bunch of grapes
  • very thin walls
  • surrounded by cpillaries
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15
Q

what is gas exchange?

A
  • exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveoli and capillary

- passive diffusion (H>L)

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16
Q

what is gas exchange?

A
  • exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveoli and capillary

- passive diffusion (H>L)

17
Q

how are lungs efficient for gas exchange?

A

LARGE SA OF ALVEOLI
= large amounts of gases can be exchanged in a short time

ALVEOLUS WELL SUPPLIED WITH BLOOD
= as much blood as possible is close to alveolus > more blood can have gasses exchanged

BLOOD FLOW CONTINUOUSLY TO ALVEOLUS
= difference in concentration gradient > continuous diffusion

MEMBRANE THICKNESS
= 1 cell thick > rapid diffusion

18
Q

what is the process of gaseous exchange?

A
  • blood in capillaries surrounding the alveoli is brought to the lungs by the pulmonary artery
  • blood has low oxygen
  • oxygen dissolves in moisture on inside of the alveolus and diffuses through the membrane, the walls of the capillaries, and into the blood
  • blood that arrives at capillaries of alveoli has come from body circulation where it picked up CO2
  • conc of CO2 in alveolar capillaries in high compared to conc of air in elveolus
  • CO2 diffuses out of blood and into alveolus
19
Q

what is the cause of emphysema?

A
  • long term exposure to irritating particles
  • shortness of breathe
  • affects smokers > irritants in tobacco
20
Q

what is the effect of lung cancer on gas exchange?

A

excessive mucas secretion > particles irritate muscous membranes

20
Q

what is the effect of emphysema on gas exchange?

A
  • alveoli loses elasticity
  • inadequate SA for efficient gas exchange
  • difficult ventilating lungs
21
Q

what is the effect of pheumonia on gas exchange?

A
  • inflation = secretion of fluid + mucus = reduceing amount of air they contain
  • difficulty breathing
22
Q

what is the effect of tuberculosis on gas exchange?

A
  • inadequate SA for gas exchange

- destroyed tissue is replaced with inelastic fiborous tissue

23
Q

what is the effect of asthma on gas exchange?

A
  • muscles surrounding bronchioles spasm = narrows airway

- irritation of membranes lining airway causes excess secretion

24
Q

what is lung cancer and the cause?

A
  • development of a tumour in lung

- smokers

25
Q

what is pheumonia and the cause?

A
  • infection of lungs

- caused by bacteria, fingi and other organisms

26
Q

what is tuberculosis and the cause?

A
  • infection caused by bacterium

- bacteria destroys lung tissue

27
Q

what is asthma and the cause?

A
  • allergic response to foreign substance that enter the body

human bio YEAR 11 (28 decks)

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