movement across membrane

Question 1

what is diffusion?

Answer 1

• the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
• passive process

Question 2

define concentration gradient

Answer 2

• difference in concentration between the two regions

Question 3

what is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 3

• diffusion that uses channel proteins to allow the movement of certain molecules through the cell membrane

Question 4

what is osmosis?

Answer 4

• the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from high water concentration to low water concentration
• passive

Question 5

what is osmotic pressure?

Answer 5

• the pressure due to differences in concentration on either side of the selectively permeable membrane.

Question 6

what is active transport?

Answer 6

• the movement of certain molecules from low concentration to a high concentration
• WITH ATP

Question 7

what is the passive process?

Answer 7

• when the cell’s energy, which comes from cellular respiration does NOT have to be used when allowing materials into the cell.

Question 8

what is an active process?

Answer 8

• requires the cell’s energy to be used when allowing materials into the cell.

Question 9

what is vesicular transport?

Answer 9

• the movement of substances across the cell membrane in vesicles
• active process

Question 10

what is carrier-mediated transport?

Answer 10

• transport of ions or molecules across the cell membrane by special proteins.

Question 11

what is endocytosis?

Answer 11

• the process of taking solids and liquids into the cell by vesicular transport

Question 12

what is exocytosis?

Answer 12

the process of taking the contents of a vesicle inside the cell out of the cell.

Question 13

what is pinocytosis?

Answer 13

the process of taking liquid into the cell by vesicular transport

Question 14

what is phagocytosis?

Answer 14

the process of taking solids into the cell by vesicular transport

Question 15

what is tonicity?

Answer 15

• The ability of an extracellular solution to make water move into or out of a cell by osmosis

Question 16

what is osmolarity?

Answer 16

• A solution with low osmolarity = fewer solute particles per liter of solution
• A solution with high osmolarity = more solute particles per liter of solution

Question 17

what is hypotonic?

Answer 17

• Extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell
• Hypo – means less than

Question 18

what is hypertonic?

Answer 18

• Extracellular fluid has a higher osmolarity than the cell

- Hyper means – greater than

Question 19

what is isotonic?

Answer 19

• Extracellular is the same osmolarity as the cell

- Iso – the same