Respiratory Physiology 1

Question 1

What 4 parts can respiratory physiology be divided into?

Answer 1

-external respiration
-transport of gases by the blood
-internal respiration
-regulation of respiration

Question 2

Movement of air into the lungs

Answer 2

Inspiration

Question 3

Movement of air out of the lungs

Answer 3

Expiration

Question 4

What causes air to move?

Answer 4

Pressure gradient

Question 5

T/F
Air will always move from HIGH pressure to LOWER pressure as it moves down the pressure gradient

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What is the standard atmospheric pressure?

Answer 6

760 mm HG

Question 7

What happens when the standard atmospheric pressure is equal to the alveolar pressure?

Answer 7

No gas exchange occurs
(This happens between inspiration and expiration)

Question 8

What produces inspiration?

Answer 8

The pressure within the alveoli of the lungs is lower than atmospheric pressure

Question 9

What produces expiration?

Answer 9

The pressure in the alveoli of the lungs is higher than atmospheric pressure

Question 10

PIP

Answer 10

Intrapleural pressure (intrathoracic)

Question 11

PA

Answer 11

Alveolar pressure

Question 12

PB

Answer 12

Barometric pressure (atmospheric)

Question 13

For inspiration, alveolar pressure must be ___________ barometric pressure

Answer 13

Less than
<

Question 14

For expiration, alveolar pressure must be __________ barometric pressure

Answer 14

Greater than
>

Question 15

PA = PB

Answer 15

No exchange of gases

Question 16

Why must PIP be less than PA
(PIP<PA)

Answer 16

To keep alveoli open

Question 17

Contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

Answer 17

Inspiration

Question 18

When the lungs expand for inspiration, how is the pressure affected?

Answer 18

-decreased intrapleural pressure allowing lungs to expand
-decreased alveolar pressure, higher atmospheric pressure

Question 19

T/F
Air moves into the lungs when alveolar pressure drops below atmospheric pressure

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Ability of pulmonary tissues to stretch, thus making inspiration possible

Answer 20

Compliance

Question 21

The volume of gas varies inversely with pressure at a constant temperature

Answer 21

Boyles Law of Gases

Question 22

A passive process that begins when the inspiration muscles are relaxed, which decreases the size of the thorax

Answer 22

Expiration

Question 23

What happens when the thoracic volume is decreased?

Answer 23

-intrapleural pressure increases
-alveolar pressure increases above atmospheric pressure

Question 24

T/F
Air moves out of the lungs when alveolar pressure exceeds the atmospheric pressure

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Why must the pressure between parietal and visceral pleura (interpleural pressure) always be less than alveolar and atmospheric pressure?

Answer 25

This must be negative to maintain inflation of the lungs

Question 26

What is the difference between intrapleural pressure and alveolar pressure called?

Answer 26

Transpulmonary pressure

Question 27

Tendency of pulmonary tissues to return to a smaller size after having been stretched out;occurs passively during expiration

Answer 27

Elastic recoil

Question 28

What muscles contract during expiration?

Answer 28

Internal intercostal muscles

Question 29

What muscles contract during inspiration?

Answer 29

External intercostal muscles, diaphragm

Question 30

In which direction do the external intercostal muscles go?

Answer 30

Down (rib 1-rib 2)

Question 31

In which direction do the internal intercostal muscles go?

Answer 31

Up (rib 2 - rib 1)

Question 32

-pulmonary ventilation (breathing)
-pulmonary gas exchange between capillaries and alveoli

Answer 32

External respiration

Question 33

-Systemic circulation

Answer 33

Transport of gases by the blood

Question 34

-systemic tissue gas exchange between capillaries and body cells
-cellular respiration

Answer 34

Internal respiration

Question 35

-centred on the brainstem

Answer 35

Regulation of respiration