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Anatomy > Anatomy Review > Flashcards

Anatomy Review Flashcards

1
Q

80 bones of head, neck and torso
Composed of 74 bones from the upright axis and 6 tiny ear bones

A

Axial skeleton

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2
Q

126 bones that form the appendages to the axial skeleton; upper and lower extremities

A

Appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

Middle/shaft of a long bone

A

Diaphysis

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4
Q

Ossification - 4th to 5th year

A

Scaphoid, trapezium, trapezoid

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5
Q

Ossification - 9th to 12th year

A

Pisiform

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6
Q

Ossification - 2nd month

A

Capitate

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7
Q

Ossification - 3rd month

A

Hamate

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8
Q

Ossification - 3rd year

A

Triquetrium

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9
Q

Ossification - 4th year

A

Lunate

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10
Q

Humero-radial and humero-ulnar articulations; form a synovial hinge joint

A

Elbow joint

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11
Q

Variable, receptor, control center, effector

A

Homeostatic control systems

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12
Q

Feedback control system:

Will do the exact opposite

A

Negative feedback

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13
Q

Feedback control system:

Amplifies the problem until it ends

A

Positive feedback

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14
Q
  1. Intracellular regulation
  2. Intrinsic regulation
  3. Extrinsic regulation
A

Levels of homeostatic control

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15
Q

Specific value range, ex. Temperature

A

Set point value

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16
Q

Forms covering on all internal and external surfaces

A

Epithelial tissue

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17
Q
  • protection
  • secretion
  • absorption
  • sensory functions
  • excretion
A

Epithelial tissue

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18
Q

Epithelial cells:
Flat and sheet like in appearance

A

Squamous

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19
Q

Epithelial cells:
Cube like, equal width, height, depth

A

Cuboidal

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20
Q

Epithelial cells:
Column like, taller than they are wide

A

Columnar

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21
Q

2 types of epithelial tissue

A
  1. Membranous (covering or lining)
  2. Glandular
22
Q
  • one cell layer of flat cells
  • permeable to many substances
A

Simple squamous

23
Q
  • one cell layer of cuboidal cells
    Ex. Found in many glands and ducts
A

Simple cuboidal

24
Q
  • multiple layers of flat cells
    Ex. Skin
  • can be non keratinized
    Ex. Mouth and esophagus
A

Stratified squamous

25
Q
  • 2 or more cuboidal rows
  • serves to protect
    Ex. Pharynx
A

Stratified cuboidal

26
Q
  • stratified tissue typically found in stress and high change areas of the body
  • has the ability to stretch
    Ex. Wall of urinary bladder
A

Transitional epithelium

27
Q

Secretion could be discharged into ducts then taken onto body surface

A

Exocrine glands

28
Q

Secretion may be discharged directly into blood stream

A

Endocrine glands

29
Q
  • membranous type attached to basement membrane
  • avascular ( no vessels but absorbs what is needs)
  • cells are in close proximity
  • capable of reproduction
A

Epithelial tissue

30
Q
  • connects
  • supports
  • transports
  • protects
A

Connective tissue

31
Q

Connective tissue:
- loose
- adipose
- reticular
- dense

A

Fibrous

32
Q

Connective tissue:
- compact bone
- cancellous bone

A

Bone

33
Q

Connective tissue:
- hyaline
- fibrocartilage
- elastic

A

Cartilage

34
Q

Fibrous, bone, cartilage, blood

A

Connective tissue

35
Q
  • makes up most of the muscles attached to the bone
  • threadlike cells with many cross striations and many nuclei per cell
A

Skeletal
Striated voluntary

36
Q
  • found in walls of hollow internal organs
  • elongated narrow cells, no cross striations, one nucleus per cell
A

Smooth
Non-striated involuntary OR visceral

37
Q
  • makes up the wall of the heart
  • branching cells with intercalated disks
A

Cardiac
Striated involuntary

38
Q

Rapid regulation and integration of body activities

A

Nervous tissue

39
Q

Special characteristics of nervous tissue

A

Excitability, conductivity

40
Q

Conducting unit of system
- cell body OR soma

A

Neuron

41
Q

Transmits nerve impulse away from the cell body

A

Axon (single process)

42
Q

Transmits nerve impulse toward the cell body and axon

A

Dendrite (one OR more)

43
Q

Special connecting, supporting, coordinating cells that surround neurons

A

Neuroglia

44
Q

Course sheath of connective tissue that covers whole muscle

A

Epimysium

45
Q

A tougher connective tissue envelope that binds muscle fibers into fascicles (groups)

A

Perimysium
(Under epimysium)

46
Q

A delicate connective tissue membrane covering a muscle cell or muscle fiber

A

Endomysium
(Farthest in)

47
Q

Strap like muscles of all lengths with parallel fascicles
*recuts

A

Parallel
(Straight muscles)

48
Q

Fascicles that radiate out from a small to a wide point of attachment (fan)

A

Convergent

49
Q

Featherlike in appearance

A

Pennate

50
Q

Fascicles that may be close to parallel at the center but converge to a tendon at one or both ends

A

Fusiform

51
Q

Fibers that twist between their points of attachment

A

Spiral

52
Q

Often circle body tubes or openings, also called orbicular or sphincters

A

Circular

Anatomy (7 decks)

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