Lower Respiratory System

Question 1

Smooth muscle embedded with c shaped rings of cartilage, open on posterior surface to allow passage of food in the esophagus

Answer 1

Trachea (11cm long)

Question 2

What is the function of the cartilage in the trachea?

Answer 2

To prevent it for collapsing

Question 3

Where does the esophagus sit?

Answer 3

Posterior to trachea

Question 4

What is it called where the trachea splits into 2 bronchi?

Answer 4

Carina

Question 5

Slightly larger bronchi, more vertical

Answer 5

Right

Question 6

Slightly smaller bronchi, more superior, more horizontal

Answer 6

Left bronchi

Question 7

Trachea divides into two bronchi, left and right that enter the lungs. What are these called?

Answer 7

Primary bronchi

Question 8

Which bronchioles are the last to solely conduct air?

Answer 8

Terminal bronchioles

Question 9

Have walls that are single layer of simple squamous epithelium to allow for maximum air exchange

Answer 9

Alveoli

Question 10

The barrier between which gases are exchanged by alveolar air and blood

Answer 10

Respiratory membrane

Question 11

Consists of alveolar epithelium, the capillary endothelium and their joined basement membranes

Answer 11

Respiratory membrane

Question 12

A component of the fluid coating the respiratory membrane that reduces surface tension; produced by type 2 cells

Answer 12

Surfactant
(Keeps alveoli open)

Question 13

Exchange gases CO2 and O2 between lungs and blood

Answer 13

Functions of alveoli

Question 14

Cone shaped organs extending from the diaphragm to above clavicles

Answer 14

Lungs

Question 15

Slits on the lungs medial surface where the primary bronchitis and pulmonary blood vessels enter

Answer 15

Hilum

Question 16

The inferior surface of the lung that rests on the diaphragm

Answer 16

Base

Question 17

The pointed upper margin of the lungs, above clavicle

Answer 17

Apex

Question 18

Lies against the ribs

Answer 18

Costal surface

Question 19

Divided into 2 lobes: superior and inferior. Divided by the oblique fissure

Answer 19

Left lung

Question 20

Divided into 3 lobes: superior, middle and inferior. The horizontal fissure seperates the superior from the middle lobe and the oblique fissure seperates the middle and inferior lobes

Answer 20

Right lung

Question 21

How many bronchopulmonary segments are in the right lung?

Answer 21

10

Question 22

How many bronchopulmonary segments are in the left lung?

Answer 22

12

Question 23

What covers the outer surface of the lungs?

Answer 23

Visceral pleura

Question 24

What is the function of the tubes of the bronchial tree?

Answer 24

Air distribution to the alveoli

Question 25

Part occupied by the esophagus, trachea, large blood vessels and heart

Answer 25

Mediastinum

Question 26

The part occupied by the lungs, right and left

Answer 26

Pleural divisions

Question 27

Brings about inspiration and expiration

Answer 27

Function of the thorax

Question 28

When does the thorax become larger and the diaphragm contract?

Answer 28

When a breath is taken in

Question 29

When does the thorax become smaller and the diaphragm relaxes?

Answer 29

Breath out

Question 30

What lines the entire thoracic cavity?

Answer 30

Parietal pleura