Lower Respiratory System Flashcards
Smooth muscle embedded with c shaped rings of cartilage, open on posterior surface to allow passage of food in the esophagus
Trachea (11cm long)
What is the function of the cartilage in the trachea?
To prevent it for collapsing
Where does the esophagus sit?
Posterior to trachea
What is it called where the trachea splits into 2 bronchi?
Carina
Slightly larger bronchi, more vertical
Right
Slightly smaller bronchi, more superior, more horizontal
Left bronchi
Trachea divides into two bronchi, left and right that enter the lungs. What are these called?
Primary bronchi
Which bronchioles are the last to solely conduct air?
Terminal bronchioles
Have walls that are single layer of simple squamous epithelium to allow for maximum air exchange
Alveoli
The barrier between which gases are exchanged by alveolar air and blood
Respiratory membrane
Consists of alveolar epithelium, the capillary endothelium and their joined basement membranes
Respiratory membrane
A component of the fluid coating the respiratory membrane that reduces surface tension; produced by type 2 cells
Surfactant
(Keeps alveoli open)
Exchange gases CO2 and O2 between lungs and blood
Functions of alveoli
Cone shaped organs extending from the diaphragm to above clavicles
Lungs
Slits on the lungs medial surface where the primary bronchitis and pulmonary blood vessels enter
Hilum
The inferior surface of the lung that rests on the diaphragm
Base
The pointed upper margin of the lungs, above clavicle
Apex
Lies against the ribs
Costal surface
Divided into 2 lobes: superior and inferior. Divided by the oblique fissure
Left lung
Divided into 3 lobes: superior, middle and inferior. The horizontal fissure seperates the superior from the middle lobe and the oblique fissure seperates the middle and inferior lobes
Right lung
How many bronchopulmonary segments are in the right lung?
10
How many bronchopulmonary segments are in the left lung?
12
What covers the outer surface of the lungs?
Visceral pleura
What is the function of the tubes of the bronchial tree?
Air distribution to the alveoli
Part occupied by the esophagus, trachea, large blood vessels and heart
Mediastinum
The part occupied by the lungs, right and left
Pleural divisions
Brings about inspiration and expiration
Function of the thorax
When does the thorax become larger and the diaphragm contract?
When a breath is taken in
When does the thorax become smaller and the diaphragm relaxes?
Breath out
What lines the entire thoracic cavity?
Parietal pleura
