Digestive Anatomy - Part 2 Flashcards
Lines the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity
Parietal periteum
Space outside the parietal layer of the peritoneum
Extraperitoneal
The extraperitoneal space along the posterior and bottom of the abdominopelvic cavity
Retroperitoneal
-fan shaped projection of parietal peritoneum
-extends from lumbar region of posterior abdominal wall
-attached border is short but the loose outer edges that enclose the jejunum and ileum is almost 6m long
-allows free movement of each coil of the intestine and helps prevent strangulation
Mesentry
(Fold of Peritoneum)
-extension of the peritoneum that supports the transverse colon
-attaches transverse colon to posterior abdominal wall
Transverse mesocolon
(Folds of peritoneum)
-a continuation of the serosa of the peritoneum from the greater curve of the stomach and first part of the duodenum to the transverse colon
Greater omentum
(Folds of peritoneum)
A fold of peritoneum that attaches from the liver to the lesser curve of the stomach and first part of the duodenum
Lesser omentum
(Folds of peritoneum)
-largest gland in the body
-weighs approx. 1.5kg (3-4lbs)
-lies under diaphragm (occupies most of right hypochondrium and part of epigastrium)
Liver
What are the 2 lobes of the liver separated by?
Falciform ligament
Forms approx. 1/6 of liver
Left lobe
Forms approx. 5/6 of the liver
Right lobe
-right lobe
-superior, posterior surface
-beside IVC
Caudate lobe
-right lobe
-inferior surface
-beside gallbladder
Quadrate lobe
Anatomical units of the liver
Hepatic lobules
Hepatic vein at the center of each lobule
INTRAlobular vein
Triad of vessels at corner of each lobule
- INTERlobular artery (carries O2 blood into the cells)
- INTERlobular portal vein (carries DeO2 blood from hepatic portal vein into liver to be processed then out the hepatic vein to the IVC for O2 again)
- INTERlobular bile duct
T/F
The veins from the triad each radiate toward or from the central INTRAlobular vein
True
How much blood enters each lobule of the liver from the hepatic artery?
25%
How much blood enters each lobule of the liver from the hepatic portal vein?
75%
How does the blood travel from the hepatic portal vein and INTERlobular portal veins to the central INTRAlobular vein
Sinusoids
(Sinusoids have kupffer cells that are phagocytic and remove bacteria)
How is bile formed?
By hepatic cells
-pear shaped sac
-7-10cm long
-3cm wide
-holds 30-50mL of bile
-lies on undersurface of liver
Gallbladder
What are the structures of the gallbladder?
Serous, muscular and mucous layers make up the gallbladder wall
Mucosal lining has rugae, similar to stomach
What are the functions of the gallbladder?
-storage of bile
-concentration of bile (5-10 times)
-ejection of the concentrated bile into the duodenum to get excreted in the feces
-aids in digestion
Obstruction of the bile flow into the duodenum and is therefore not excreted but absorbed into blood and body tissues giving the patient a yellowish skin colour
Jaundice
*obstruction of billary tract (bile flow)
Inflammation of the gallbladder
Cholecystitis
Formation of gall stones
Cholelithiasis
Surgical removal of gallbladder
Cholecystectomy
-grayish pink gland
-12-15cm long
-approx. 60g
-runs from duodenum (head), behind stomach (body), to spleen (tail)
Pancreas
What part of the pancreas is intraperitoneal?
Tail (spleen end)
T/F
The pancreas is dual gland composed of endocrine and expcrine glandular tissue
True
T/F
The body of the pancreas runs across the aorta and IVC
True
-the majority of the pancreas
-has compound acinar arrangement (secrete enzymes into tiny ducts that unite to form the main pancreatic duct
Exocrine portion
(Into ducts)
What is the function of the exocrine portion of the pancreas?
Secrete enzymes into tiny ducts that unite to form the main pancreatic duct, which empties into the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla after merging with the common bile duct
Where does the accessory duct from the pancreatic duct enter?
Enters the duodenum 2cm above the major duodenal papilla at the minor duodenal papilla
-embedded between exocrine units are pancreatic islets (endocrine cells)
-constitutes only 2% of the total mass of pancreas
Endocrine portion
What are the islets of the endocrine portion of the pancreas made up of?
Alpha and beta cells that secrete directly into capillaries in the blood stream
What do the alpha cell secrete?
Glucagon (hormone that raises blood glucose levels, acts opposite to insulin)
What do the beta cells secrete?
Insulin (a hormone that controls carbohydrate metabolism)
