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Anatomy > Level 2 - Thoracic Cage > Flashcards

Level 2 - Thoracic Cage Flashcards

1
Q

How is the thoracic cage bound posteriorly?

A

12 thoracic vertebrae

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2
Q

How is the thoracic cage bound anteriorly?

A

The sternum

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3
Q

How is the thoracic cage bound laterally?

A

12 pairs of ribs

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4
Q

Formed posteriorly by the first thoracic vertebrae, laterally by the ribs, and anteriorly by the manubrium sterni

A

Thoracic inlet

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5
Q

T/F
The pleural apicies project just above the thoracic inlet

A

True

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6
Q

What passes through the thoracic inlet?

A

Main vessels, nerves, trachea, esophagus

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7
Q

Formed posteriorly by the 12th thoracic vertebrae, anteriorly by costal cartilage and laterally by the ribs

A

Thoracic outlet

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8
Q

What is the thoracic outlet closed by?

A

Diaphragm

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9
Q

Dagger shaped bone in the middle of the anterior chest

A

Sternum

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10
Q

What are the 3 parts of the sternum?

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid

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11
Q

Upper handle part of the sternum

A

Manubrium

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12
Q

Middle blade part of the sternum

A

Body

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13
Q

Blunt cartilaginous lower tip that ossifies during adult life

A

Xiphoid tip

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14
Q

Articulated with the clavicle and first rib costocartilage

A

Manubrium

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15
Q

What type of bone is the sternum?

A

Long flat bone

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16
Q

What direction does the sternum point?

A

Directed down and slightly forward

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17
Q

What types of bone is the sternum comprised of?

A

Highly vascular cancellous bone, containing red marrow, covered in compact bone

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18
Q

What is the level of the jugular notch?

A

T2/3

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19
Q

What is the level of the Manubrium sterni?

A

T3/4

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20
Q

What is in the Center of the superior border of the Manubrium sterni?

A

Suprasternal (jugular) notch

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21
Q

What are on either side of the suprasternal notch for the articulation with the medial end of the clavicle?

A

Clavicular notches

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22
Q

Articulation between the Manubrium and the superior end of the body of the sternum

A

Sternal angle
Level T4/5

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23
Q

How many transverse bony ridges are on the anterior surface of the body of the sternum?

A

3

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24
Q

What is the joint called where the body articulates with the xiphoid?

A

Xiphisternal joint

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25
Q

What vertebral level is the xiphoid?

A

T9/10

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26
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there?

A

12 pairs

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27
Q

Long, slender highly vascular spongy bones covered in a thin layer of compact bone and contain a large portion of red marrow

A

Ribs

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28
Q

Where do ribs articulate?

A

Posteriorly with thoracic vertebrae

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29
Q

How do ribs curve?

A

Outward, then forward and downward

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30
Q

Which ribs attach to the sternum?

A

Only ribs 1-10

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31
Q

T/F
Ribs end anteriorly with costal cartilage

A

True

32
Q

What ribs are classified as true ribs, articulating directly with the sternum

A

Ribs 1-7

33
Q

What ribs are classified as false ribs, not directly articulating with the sternum?

A

Ribs 8-12

34
Q

What ribs are indirectly attached to the sternum? (Costal cartilage articulates with the cartilage above)

A

8,9,10

35
Q

Which ribs are known as floating ribs because their costal cartilage does not attach directly or indirectly

A

11-12

36
Q

Which ribs are typical?

A

3-9
-long curved shaft with anterior and posterior ends
-superior border: blunt
-inferior border:sharp

37
Q

Where is the costal groove that shelters the neurovascular bundle (arteries, veins, nerves)

A

Internal surface

38
Q

T/F
The anterior end of the rib is slightly concave to receive the costal cartilage

A

True

39
Q

What joint is formed between the rib and costal cartilage

A

Costochondral joint

40
Q

What is a common site for fracture when ribs are under physical stress?

A

Rib angle: maximum curvature

41
Q

Covered with articular cartilage, has two facets that articulate with the demifacets on the adjacent vertebrae to form costovertebral joints

A

Head
(Posterior end)

42
Q

Short flattened portion of the rib, which is a site of attachment for ligaments

A

Neck
(Posterior end)

43
Q

Has a medial articulating surface on it that attaches to the facet of the transverse process of the corresponding vertebrae to form the costotransverse joint

A

Tubercle
(Posterior end)

44
Q

T/F
Only the T spine articulates with ribs

A

True

45
Q

T/F
The inferior articular surface on the rib articulates on the superior part of the corresponding vertebrae

A

True

46
Q

Rub articulation with the thoracic body

A

Costovertebral joint

47
Q

Which ribs only articulate with their corresponding vertebrae T spine?

A

1,10,11,12

48
Q

Which ribs also articulate with the T spine body above?

A

Ribs 2-9

49
Q

Rib articulation with thoracic transverse process

A

Costotransverse joint
Ribs 1-10

50
Q

Which ribs do not articulate with the transverse process because they do not have tubercles?

A

Ribs 11,12

51
Q

Which ribs are considered atypical?

A

Ribs 1,2,10,11,12

52
Q

Short, broad and flat rib
Inner border is concave
Outer border is convex

A

First rib

53
Q

Which rib has a prominent tubercle at the angle called the scalene?

A

First rib

54
Q

It’s costal cartilage passes under the clavicle to articulate with the Manubrium sterni laterally

A

First rib

55
Q

Almost twice as long as the first rib, lies flat

A

Second rib

56
Q

Which ribs do not have a tubercle or a neck, and their anterior ends are pointed and tipped with costal cartilage

A

10,11,12

57
Q

Which ribs end in the muscles of the abdominal wall?

A

10,11,12

58
Q

Head of the rib joining the thoracic vertebral body

A

Costovertebral
Ribs 2-9

59
Q

Tubercles of the rib joining the thoracic transverse process

A

Costotransverse

60
Q

Which ribs do not have costotransverse joints?

A

11,12

61
Q

What type of joint is the costovertebral joint?

A

Synovial, gliding (plane)

62
Q

What type of joint is the costotransverse joint?

A

Synovial, gliding (plane)

63
Q

What type of joint is the Sternoclavicular joint?

A

Synovial, saddle joint

(Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, rotation)

64
Q

What type of joint is the sternocostal joint of the first rib?

A

Synchondrosis
(Only moves slightly)

65
Q

What type of joint is the sternocostal joints of the 2-7 rib?

A

Synovial, gliding

66
Q

Symphysis between the Manubrium sterni and body of the sternum

A

Manubriosternal joint

67
Q

Symphysis between the xiphoid and the body of the sternum

A

Xiphisternal joint

68
Q

Adjacent borders of the lower costal cartilages articulate with themselves.
Synovial plane joints

A

Interchondral joints

69
Q

Large dome shaped musculofibroys sheet separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities

A

Diaphragm

70
Q

What are the three muscle fibre groups in the diaphragm and where do they insert?

A

Sternal, costal, lumbar
Insert into the central tendon of the diaphragm

71
Q

What level is the diaphragm when relaxed?

A

T8

72
Q

T/F
When the diaphragm contracts the muscles shorten and the central tendon is pulled down increasing the length of the thoracic cavity

A

True

External intercostal muscles also contract to increase thorax size

73
Q

What is the superior surface of the diaphragm covered in?

A

Pleura (separates the diaphragm from lungs)
Pericardium (separates diaphragm from heart)

74
Q

Level of T8, highest and most anterior
Transmits vena cava and right phrenic nerve

A

Vena caval aperture

75
Q

Level of T10
Transmits the esophagus

A

Oesophageal aperture

76
Q

Level of T12
Lowest and most posterior
Lies behind the diaphragm
Transmits aorta, thoracic duct and azygos vein

A

Aortic aperture

Anatomy (16 decks)

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