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Pathology I > Respiratory Pathology Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Respiratory Pathology Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Define pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the lungs

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2
Q

What is the pattern of bronchopneumonia

A

Cranioventral

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3
Q

What are the two subtypes of bronchopneumonia

A

Suppurative- lobular
Fibrinous- pleuropneumonia- lobar

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4
Q

What is the most common type of pneumonia

A

Bronchopneumonia

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5
Q

What is the pattern for interstitial pneumonia

A

Caudodorsal to diffuse

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6
Q

What is the pattern for granulomatous and embolic pneumonia

A

Multi focal

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7
Q

What is the gross appearance of suppurative bronchopneumonia

A

Dark, red, firm, consolidated, cranioventral distribution

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8
Q

What is the route of transmission for suppurative bronchopneumonia

A

Aerogenous

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9
Q

What are the causes of bronchopneumonia

A

Bacteria, aspiration

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10
Q

What kind of pneumonia is this

A

Suppurative bronchopneumonia

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11
Q

What is the gross appearance of fibrinous bronchopneumonia

A

Dark red, firm, consolidated, cranioventral distribution, abundant tan fibrin coating pleura

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12
Q

What is the route of transmission for fibrinous bronchopneumonia

A

Aerogenous

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13
Q

What is the cause of fibrinous bronchopneumonia

A

Bacteria

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14
Q

What type of pneumonia is this

A

fibrinous bronchopneumonia

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15
Q

What factors contribute to bronchopneumonia: bovine respiratory disease complex

A

Crowding, air quality, stress (weaning or shipping)

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16
Q

What are some primary viral infections that can cause bovine respiratory disease complex

A
  1. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
  2. Bovine viral diarrhea virus
  3. Parainfluenza 3
  4. Infectious Bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR/BHV-1)
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17
Q

What are some secondary opportunistic bacterial infections in bovine respiratory disease complex

A
  1. Mannheimia haemolytica
  2. Truperella pyogenes
  3. Histophilus somni
  4. Pasteurella multocida
  5. Mycoplasma bovis
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18
Q

What is calf pneumonia called

A

Bovine enzootic pneumonia

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19
Q

What is the morbidity and mortality associated with bovine enzootic pneumonia

A

High morbidity but low mortality

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20
Q

What is shipping fever called

A

Pneumonic mannheimiosis

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21
Q

What viral infection is synergistic with Mannheimia haemolytica

A

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR/BHV-1)

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22
Q

What type of pneumonia is associated with pneumonic Mannheimiosis

A

Severe fibrinous bronchopneumonia

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23
Q

T or F: pneumonic mannheimiosis is often fatal

A

True

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24
Q

What is the most importantly respiratory disease in cattle in US

A

Pneumonic mannheimiosis

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25
Q

Mycoplasma bovis commonly affects what age group

A

Calves

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26
Q

What gross findings can be associated with mycoplasma bovis

A
  1. Pulmonary abscessation
  2. Suppurative otitis media
  3. Arthritis
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27
Q

What histological changes are seen with mycoplasma bovis

A

Abscessation correspond to necrosuppurative bronchopneumonia and bronchiesctasis

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28
Q

What is bronchiectasis

A

Dilation/destruction of bronchioles

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29
Q

Cut section of calf lung- what is likely diagnosis. You also note suppurative otitis media and arthritis

A

mycoplasma bovis

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30
Q

Histo from calf lung- describe Histo changes and likely cause

A

Bronchopneumonia and bronchiectasis

Likely caused by Mycoplasma bovis

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31
Q

What are some primary viral infections associated with porcine respiratory disease complex

A
  1. Swine influenza
  2. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
  3. Pseudorabies
  4. Porcine-Circovirus 2
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32
Q

T or F: swine influenza is zoonotic

A

True

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33
Q

What are some primary bacterial infections associated with porcine respiratory disease complex

A
  1. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
  2. Bordetella bronchiseptica
  3. Actinobacilllus pleuropneumoniae
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34
Q

Which primary bacterial infection associated with porcine respiratory disease complex has a low mortality but long term infection

A

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

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35
Q

What are some secondary opportunistic bacterial infections associated with porcine respiratory disease complex

A
  1. Pasteurella multocida
  2. Haemophilus parasuis
  3. Streptococcus suis
  4. Actinobacillius suis
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36
Q

Lung from pig- what is most likely primary viral infection that can cause this

A

swine influenza

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37
Q

pig lung- what primary bacterial infection could have caused this that is known to have long term infection

A

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

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38
Q

T or F: actinobacillus suis is part of normal flora

A

True

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39
Q

What are some complications associated with actinobacillus suis

A

Septicemia-pneumonia arthritis, pericarditis

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40
Q

What pigs typically get actinobacillus suis

A

Recently weaned pigs and in grow/finish pigs

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41
Q

What is the morbidity and mortality associated with actinobacillus suis

A

High morbidity and mortality

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42
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae as ___infections

A

Persistent

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43
Q

What is the morbidity and mortality associated with actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

A

High morbidity and mortality

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44
Q

What pigs typically get actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

A

Young pigs < 6 months

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45
Q

Pig lungs- what are two likely bacterial causes

A
  1. Actinobacillus suis
  2. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
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46
Q

What is the gross appearance of aspiration pneumonia

A

Necrosuppurative bronchopneumonia
Evidence of foreign debris within airways

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47
Q

What conditions can predispose to aspiration pneumonia

A

Cleft palate, megaesophagus, vomiting, regurgitation, dysphasia, anesthesia, collapse, force feeding, contrast, persistent right aortic arch

48
Q

What type of pneumonia is this

A

Bronchopneumonia: aspiration pneumonia

49
Q

What is the gross appearance of interstitial pneumonia

A

Caudodorsal to diffuse, rubbery, fail to collapse when thorax is opened, rib impressions, lack visible exudate within airways

50
Q

Damage to what cell type can cause interstitial pneumonia

A

Type I pneumocyte- will see type II pneumocyte hyperplasia

51
Q

What type of pneumonia is this and what does Histo show

A

Interstitial pneumonia
Histo: type II pneumocyte hyperplasia

52
Q

What are some toxic causes of interstitial pneumonia

A
  1. Aerogenous- smoke, NO2
  2. Toxic metabolites: 3-methylindole
  3. Systemic- endotoxin, urea, sepsis
53
Q

What are some viral causes of interstitial pneumonia

A

Influenza (canine and equine)
Herpes virus
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
Canine distemper

54
Q

What are some Hematogenous causes of interstitial pneumonia

A

Sepsis

55
Q

Canine distemper often stars as ___ and leads to ___

A

Upper respiratory virus, pneumonia +/- secondary bacterial infections—> bronchointerstitial pneumonia

56
Q

What kind of pneumonia is seen with canine distemper virus

A

Interstitial pneumonia

57
Q

Canine distemper virus can cause immunosuppression causing __ and ___atrophy

A

Lymphoid and thymic

58
Q

What other parts of body are affected by canine distemper virus

A

Skin, brain, teeth

59
Q

What type of nasal discharge is typically associates with canine distemper virus

A

Mucopurluent rhinitis

60
Q

What are the unique histological features of canine distemper virus

A
  1. Intracytoplasmic and/or intranuclear inclusions
  2. Viral syncytia- multiple cells come together and form giant cell with multiple nuclei
61
Q

Dog presents in respiratory distress, mucopurulent rhinitis. The following lung Histo was done. What is likely cause

A

canine distemper virus- viral syncytia and inclusions

62
Q

Besides canine distemper what are some other differentials for interstitial pneumonia in cats

A

Canine adenovirus, canine parainfluenza, canine herpesvirus, canine influenza

63
Q

What are some differentials for interstitial pneumonia in cats

A

Feline calicivirus and feline infectious rhinotracheitis

64
Q

What is the pathogenesis of bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema (BPEE)- atypical interstitial pneumonia

A
  1. Consume lush grass which contains L-tryptophan
  2. L-tryptophan converted to 3-methylindole in rumen
  3. 3-methylindole transformed by cytochrome p450 enzymes in club cells (bronchioles) to toxic intermediate—> free radical generation
  4. Necrosis of bronchiolar cells and type I pneumocytes—> fibrin exudation, edema, emphysema
65
Q

Besides tryptophan what are some other potential causes of BPEE

A
  1. Pneumotoxins: perilla mint—> perilla ketones and moldy sweet potatoes: 4-ipomeanol
  2. Inhaled allergens
  3. Hypersensitivity due to reinfection with BRSV or lung worms
  4. Inhalation of toxic gases
66
Q

Necropsy of cow lung shows the following. Farmer reports cow was just turned out to pasture. What is wrong

A

Bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema

67
Q

Histology from cow lung- what does Histo show and what is likely cause. Cow just turned out to pasture

A

Histo: necrosis of bronchiolar cells and type I pneumocytes
Likely BPEE

68
Q

What type of virus causes ovine progressive pneumonia and carpine arthritis and encephalitis

A

Lentiviruses

69
Q

T or F: ovine progressive pneumonia and carpine arthritis and encephalitis have long incubation periods

A

True >2yrs

70
Q

T or F: ovine progressive pneumonia and carpine arthritis and encephalitis are lifelong infections

A

True

71
Q

How is ovine progressive pneumonia and carpine arthritis and encephalitis transmitted

A

Ingestion of colostrum or milk or inhalation

72
Q

What causes uremic pneumonitis/ pneumonopathy

A

Severe kidney disease—> uremia

73
Q

What happens to lungs with uremic pneumonitis/ pneumonopathy

A

Mineralization at lungs and pleura

74
Q

What is gross appearance of lungs and pleura in uremic pneumonitis/ pneumonopathy

A

Lungs: feel gritty/ crunchy, white areas
Pleura: white to yellow plaques- frosting due to uremic and ca2+ deposits

75
Q

What stain can be used to highlight mineralization in uremic pneumonitis/ pneumonopathy

A

Von kossa

76
Q

Patient with severe kidney disease presented with the following lung and pleura damage- what is wrong

A

Uremic pneumonitis/ pneumonopathy

77
Q

What are the causes of granulomatous pneumonia

A
  1. Bacteria resist to phagocytosis
  2. Fungi
  3. Parasites
78
Q

What type of pneumonia is this

A

granulomatous pneumonia

79
Q

What is rhodocossus equi

A

Gram positive bacteria in soil

80
Q

Who does rhodococcus equi typically affect

A

Young foals or immunodeficient adult horses

81
Q

What type of lesions are associated with rhodococcus equi

A

Intestinal and mesenteric lymph node lesions

82
Q

What is the route of infection with rhodococcus equi

A

Inhalation

83
Q

What type of bacteria is mycobacterium bovis

A

Gram positive, acid fast

84
Q

What type of pneumonia does mycobacterium bovis cause

A

Granulomatous pneumonia

85
Q

What are the routes of infection of mycobacterium bovis

A
  1. Inhalation- older cows
  2. Milk- young cows
86
Q

T or F: myobacterium bovis is zoonotic

A

True

87
Q

Cow presents with following lesions, what is wrong and what type of pneumonia is it

A

Mycobacterium bovis
Granulomatous pneumonia

88
Q

What type of pneumonia do fungi cause

A

Granulomatous pneumonia

89
Q

Identify the different fungal granulomatous pneumonias

A

top left: histoplasma capsulatum
Bottom left: blastomyces dermatitidis
Top right: Cryptococcus
Bottom right: coccidiodes

90
Q

What is the gross appearance of embolic pneumonia

A

Multifocal areas of dark red, suppurative exudate- white centers

91
Q

What is the route of infection for embolic pneumonia

A

Hematogenous

92
Q

What is the cause of embolic pneumonia

A

Bacteria- but not primary source

Ex of primary sources: hepatic abscess, valvular endocarditis

93
Q

What type of pneumonia is this

A

embolic pneumonia

94
Q

What type of pneumonia is this

A

embolic pneumonia

95
Q

What are some common metastatic neoplasias to lungs

A
  1. Mammary carcinoma- cats
  2. Oral melanoma
  3. Right auricle hemangiosarcoma
  4. Osteosarcoma
96
Q

Metastatic or primary and what are two differentials

A

Metastatic
1. Oral melanoma
2. Right auricle hemangiosarcoma

97
Q

What is the most common primary pulmonary neoplasia in dogs and cats

A

Adenocarcinoma

98
Q

What is the most common site of metastasis for primary pulmonary tumors

A

Intrapulomary- different lung lobes

99
Q

What is the gross appearance of pulmonary adenocarcinoma

A

Large primary mass
Multifocal smaller masses on other lung lobes

100
Q

What does the Histo look like for pulmonary adenocarcinomas

A

Acinar/glandular structures

101
Q

Primary or metastatic and what is likely differential

A

primary with metastasis to other lung lobes
Cause: pulmonary adenocarcinoma

102
Q

Histo from lung- what kind of tumor is this

A

adenocarcinoma

103
Q

In cats besides intrapulmonary metastasis where do pulmonary adenocarcinomas like to go

A

Digits

104
Q

diagnose tumor on cat digit- is this primary or metastatic tumor. What is the likely tumor

A

Metastasis to digit
Feline lung-digit syndrome
Primary tumor likely pulmonary adenocarcinoma

105
Q

What is the etiology of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma

A

Retrovirus

106
Q

What part of the lungs are affected with ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma

A

Ventral aspects

107
Q

Sheep presents with following pulmonary mass. What is likely dx

A

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma

108
Q

Where do granular cell tumors in horses typically arise

A

Arise from and protrude into larger airways

109
Q

Horse necropsy shows this mass in trachea and the following Histo. What is likely dx

A

glanular cell tumor

110
Q

What is the cause of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis in dogs and cats

A

Idiopathic

111
Q

What breed of dog has a genetic predisposition to pulmonary interstitial fibrosis

A

West highland white terriers

112
Q

What causes pulmonary interstitial fibrosis in horses

A

Equine herpesvirus 5

113
Q

Pulmonary interstitial fibrosis in horses typically starts as ___

A

Interstitial pneumonia (because viral)

114
Q

Horse necropsy shows these tan nodules in lung and the following Histos were performed. What is likely dx and cause

A

Dx: equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis/ interstitial fibrosis
Cause: equine herpesvirus 5

115
Q

What histological finding is typical of herpesviruses

A

Inclusion bodies

116
Q

What stain is good for pulmonary interstitial fibrosis

A

Trip home stain- highlights CT in blue

Pathology I (15 decks)

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