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Pathology I > Lecture 3: Male Reproductive > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Male Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the scrotum

A

Protective barrier for testicles

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2
Q

What is function of testes

A

Spermatogenesis and testosterone

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3
Q

What is function of epididymis

A

Support spermatozoa maturation, concentration and transportation

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4
Q

What is function of cremaster muscle and pampiniform plexus

A

Thermoregulation

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5
Q

What is the function of accessory glands

A

Provide nutrient rich and protective fluid for spermatozoa and fluid for territory marking

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6
Q

What species has spines on glan penis

A

Cats

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7
Q

What species have a corkscrew glans penis

A

Boars

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8
Q

What cells are considered the caretakers of sperm progenitors, provide nutrients for sperm, “mothers of sperm”

A

Sertoli cells

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9
Q

What do Sertoli cells secrete

A

Inhibin

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10
Q

What do Sertoli cell tumors produce

A

Inhibin and estrogen

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11
Q

What do leydig cells secrete

A

Testosterone

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12
Q

Testicle Histo: Identify arrows 1-3

A
  1. Sertoli cells
  2. Spermatogenic cells
  3. Leydig clls
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13
Q

What is cause of cryptorchidism

A

Hereditary, hormonal, environmental

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14
Q

What are some sequela of cryptorchidism

A
  1. Testicular neoplasia
  2. Testicular torsion
  3. Sterility
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15
Q

What type of tumor is common in dogs who are cryptorchid

A

Sertoli cell tumors

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16
Q

Describe the pathogensis of sterility from cryptochordism

A
  1. Cryptorchid testicle
  2. Exposed to body heat
  3. Failure to mature (hypoplasia)
  4. Degeneration (atrophy)
  5. Sterility
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17
Q

Describe the pathogensis of testicular torsion

A
  1. Torsion of spermatic cord
  2. Blocks venous outflow
  3. Venous infarction
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18
Q

What is wrong here and what is potential cause

A

testicle to the right is atrophied
Potential cause: cryptorchidism

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19
Q

What is wrong here and what is potential cause

A

testicular torsion
Cause: cryptorchidism

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20
Q

T or F: most testicular tumors behave benign

A

True

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21
Q

What species are interstitial/ leydig cell tumors common in

A

Aged bulls, dogs an cats

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22
Q

What is the gross appearance of an interstitial/ leydig cell tumor

A

Well demarcated, tan to orange mass, areas of hemorrhage

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23
Q

T or F: interstitial/ leydig cell tumors are typically nonfunctional

A

True

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24
Q

What type of testicular tumor is this

A

leydig/ interstitial cell tumor

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25
Q

What species are Sertoli cell tumors common in

A

Age dogs

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26
Q

Sertoli cell tumors are common in ___dogs

A

Cryptorchid

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27
Q

What is the gross appearance of Sertoli cell tumors

A

Large testicle with firm, white and lobulated fibrous band

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28
Q

T or F: Sertoli cells commonly metastasize

A

False

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29
Q

Sertoli cell tumors can produce __ and/ or ___

A

Inhibin and/ or estrogen

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30
Q

What type of testicular tumor is this

A

Sertoli cell tumor

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31
Q

Why type of testicular tumor can cause feminization syndrome and why

A

Sertoli cell tumor- produce estrogen

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32
Q

What are some clinical signs of Sertoli cell tumors causing feminization syndrome

A

Gynecomastia, alopecia, testicular atrophy, attraction to males

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33
Q

What are some blood work abnormalities associated with feminization syndrome

A
  1. Anemia
  2. Granulocytopenia
  3. Thrombocytopenia
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34
Q

Estrogen is ___therefore decreases production of marrow barrow cells

A

Myelotoxic

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35
Q

What likely could have caused this presentation

A

Sertoli cell tumor causing feminization syndrome

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36
Q

What tumor is most common in stallions

A

Seminoma

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37
Q

What is the 2nd most common testicular tumor in dogs

A

Seminoma

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38
Q

What condition can lead to Seminoma

A

Cryptorchid testes

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39
Q

What is the gross appearance of Seminoma

A

Large testicle with indiscreet, homogeneous, white, soft to firm mass

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40
Q

T or F: seminomas produce hormones

A

False

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41
Q

What type of tumor is this

A

Seminoma

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42
Q

What type of tumor is a teratoma

A

Germline tumor composed on 2-3 germ layers

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43
Q

What is the gross appearance of teratoma

A

Lumpy bumpy tumors that often contain hair, teeth, and bone

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44
Q

What species often get teratoma

A

Young stallions, often cryptorchid

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45
Q

What type of tumor is this

A

teratoma

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46
Q

What is the cause of spermatic granuloma

A

Traumatic rupture of ducts and tubules

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47
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of spermatic granuloma

A
  1. Traumatic rupture of ducts/ tubules
  2. Spermatozoa get introduced to body—> FB
  3. Incites FB reaction
  4. Granulomatous inflammation
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48
Q

What does this Histo show

A

spermatozoa invading tissues—> spermatic granuloma

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49
Q

What is orchitis

A

Inflammation of testes

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50
Q

What is more common: epididymitis or orchitis

A

Epididymitis

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51
Q

What is the cause of orchitis

A

Bacteria

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52
Q

What is the route of spread for orchitis

A

Hematogenous

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53
Q

What is a common pathogen that causes orchitis and is also zoonotic

A

Brucella

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54
Q

What reactions are seen with bacterial orchitis

A

Abscessation +/- necrotizing

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55
Q

What reactions are seen with fungal or parasitic orchitis

A

Granulomatous

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56
Q

What are some causes of orchitis in bulls

A
  1. Brucella abortus
  2. Mycobacterium Bo is
  3. Histophilus
57
Q

What are some causes of orchitis in swine

A

Brucella suis

58
Q

What are some causes of orchitis in goats

A

Brucella melitensis

59
Q

What are some causes of orchitis in dogs

A
  1. Brucella canis
  2. Blastomyces dermatitis
60
Q

How can you differentiate testicular degeneration vs testicular hypoplasia

A

By looking at epididymis
With degeneration/ atrophy the size of epididymis looks much larger than testicle

With hypoplasia- testicle and epididymis are both small

61
Q

What is wrong

A

Testicular degeneration/ atrophy

62
Q

What is wrong

A

testicular hypoplasia

63
Q

What can cause testicular hypoplasia

A
  1. Heritable
  2. Cryptorchid
  3. Intersexed animals
64
Q

What cells are missing in Histo of testicular hypoplasia

A

Germ cells

65
Q

In testicular hypoplasia the germ cells are absent therefore resulting in ___

A

Infertility

66
Q

What is wrong

A

missing germ cells
Testicular hypoplasia

67
Q

What are some causes of testicular degeneration/ atrophy

A
  1. Infections/ chronic orchitis
  2. Temperature >90F
  3. Vascular
  4. Hormonal
  5. Age
68
Q

Epididymitis makes ducts prone to obstruction and therefore can cause ___

A

Spermatocele

69
Q

What pathogens commonly cause epididymitis

A

Brucella, T. Pyogenes, actinobacillus

70
Q

What causes epididymitis in rams

A

Brucella Ovis

71
Q

T or f: Brucella ovis causing epididymitis is associated with orchitis

72
Q

What is a spermatocele

A

Cystic dilation of epididymal ducts filled with sperm and fluid

73
Q

If a spermatocele ruptures it can cause ___

A

Sperm granuloma

74
Q

What wrong

A

spermatocele

75
Q

What wrong

A

spermatic granuloma

76
Q

What is a varicocele

A

Dilation of the veins within the pampiniform plexus

77
Q

What wrong

A

varicocele

78
Q

T or F: varicoceles are usually incidental

79
Q

Periorchitis is often associated with ___, caused by ___ in rams

A

Severe epididymitis caused by Brucella ovis

80
Q

What wrong

A

periorchitis

81
Q

Vaginal cavity filled with fluid is called a __

82
Q

What are some causes of hydrocele

A

Same as ascites, causes of edema, RSF, etc

83
Q

A vaginal cavity filled with blood is called a ___

A

Hematocele

84
Q

What is a cause of hematocele in vaginal cavity

A

Trauma- stallions after mating

85
Q

What species get mesotheliomas

A

Dogs, bulls, rats

86
Q

What wrong

A

Mesothelioma

87
Q

What species are prone to scrotal hernias

88
Q

What is the pathogenesis of scrotal hernias

A
  1. Herniation of intestines/ mesenteric through inguinal ring
  2. Vaginal cavity/ scrotum +/- strangulation of intestines
89
Q

Which is life threatening and needs sx correction: acquired or congenital scrotal hernias

90
Q

Horse presents with colic soon after mating or exercise, what are you concerned about

A

Scrotal hernia

91
Q

What wrong

A

scrotal hernia

92
Q

What wrong

93
Q

What is the cause of scrotal dermatitis in rams and bulls

A

chorioptes Bo is

94
Q

What is the result of scrotal dermatitis caused by chorioptes bovis

A

Testicular degeneration and infertility

95
Q

What wrong and what could have caused this

A

scrotal dermatitis
Cause: chorioptes bovis

96
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is common in who

A

Intact dogs

97
Q

What causes BPH

A

Hormonal imbalances, largely testosterone dependent

98
Q

What is the gross appearance of BPH

A

Large, firm, smooth >nodular

99
Q

Dog prostate, what wrong

100
Q

What are some clinical signs of BPH

A

Constipation, dysuria

101
Q

Prostatitis is common in what species

102
Q

What bacterial urinary pathogen typically cause prostatitis

103
Q

What is the pathogenesis of prostatitis

A
  1. Bacterial urinary pathogens
  2. Ascending infection (often secondary to cystitis)
  3. Prostatitis
104
Q

What is the gross appearance of acute prostatitis

A

Large soft, smooth to lumpy, abscesses, necrosis, hemorrhage

105
Q

What are the gross signs of chronic prostatitis

A

Large or small, irregular, lumpy, bumpy, firm

106
Q

What wrong and is it acute or chronic

A

acute prostatitis

107
Q

What is the cause of prostatic squamous metaplasia

A

Increased estrogen

108
Q

Dogs with ___tumors can get prostatic squamous metaplasia because they produce ___

A

Sertoli cell tumors, produce estrogen

109
Q

Ferrets with ___tumors can get prostatic squamous metaplasia because they produce __

A

Adrenal Tumors, androgen producing

110
Q

__is a phytoestrogen containing pasture that can cause prostatic squamous metaplasia

111
Q

Who is more likely to get prostatic adenocarcinomas: castrated or intact dogs

A

Castrated dogs

112
Q

What is the gross appearance of a prostatic adenocarcinomas

A

Asymmetrical, irregular, firm, locally invasive

113
Q

Prostatic adenocarcinomas like to metastasize to

A

Regional LN, lumbar spine, pelvis

114
Q

What is the prognosis for prostatic adenocarcinomas

115
Q

What is an important differential for prostatic adenocarcinoma

116
Q

Prostate of old, castrated dog, what tumor is this

A

Prostatic adenocarcinomas

117
Q

What is hypospadiasis

A

Ventral opening of the urethra to penile surface

118
Q

What is a persistent frenulum

A

Band of tissue connecting penis to prepuce that fails to rupture in puberty

119
Q

What wrong

A

Hypospadiasis

120
Q

What is balanitis

A

Inflammation of the glans penis

121
Q

What is posthitis

A

Inflammation of the prepuce

122
Q

What is balanoposthitis

A

Inflammation of glans penis and prepuce

123
Q

What causes infectious balanoposthitis and vulvovaginitis in cattle

124
Q

What causes equine coital exanthema

125
Q

What causes rabbit syphilis

126
Q

What wrong and cause

A

rabbit syphilis caused by treponema

127
Q

What could’ve caused these lesions on cow penis

128
Q

What could’ve caused these lesions on horse after mating

129
Q

What nematode can cause a brown proliferative mass on horse penis

130
Q

What are you two differential diagnosis for these lesions on horse penis

A
  1. Penile habronemiasis
  2. SCC
131
Q

What is paraphimosis

A

Inability to retract penis

132
Q

What is phimosis

A

Inability to extrude penis

133
Q

What neoplasia do young bulls typically get on penis

A

Fibropapilloma

134
Q

What is cause of fibropapilloma in young bulls

A

Bovine fibropapilloma virus 1 and 2

135
Q

What neoplasms do horses, bulls and dogs typically get on penis and prepuce

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

136
Q

What neoplasm do young dogs typically get on penis

A

Transmissible venereal tumor

137
Q

Young bull penis, what neoplasia is likely cause

A

Fibropapilloma

138
Q

Horse penis- what neoplasia likely caused this

139
Q

Young dog penis- what neoplasia likely caused this

A

Transmissible venereal tumor

Pathology I (23 decks)

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