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Pathology I > Lecture 4 and 5: Reproductive Pathology > Flashcards

Lecture 4 and 5: Reproductive Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What species have a diffuse placenta

A

Horse, pigs

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2
Q

What is a diffuse placenta

A

Microcotyledons (branched villi) fit into endometrial crypts

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3
Q

What species have a cotyledonary placenta

A

Ewes and cows

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4
Q

What is a cotyledonary placenta

A

Cotyledons (tufts of branched villi) attached to caruncles on the endometrium

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5
Q

What species have a zonary placenta

A

Dog and cat

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6
Q

What is a zonal placenta

A

Villi form a band around the equator of the chorionic sac

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7
Q

What species have a discoid placenta

A

Monkey, humans, rodents

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8
Q

What is a discoid placenta

A

Villi form large discs

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9
Q

What type of placenta is this and what species

A

diffuse placenta- mares and sows

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10
Q

What type of placenta is this and what species

A

Cotyledonary- cows and ewes

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11
Q

What type of placenta is this and what species

A

zonal placenta- dogs and cats

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12
Q

What are amniotic plaques

A

Foci of squamous epithelium on the internal surface of the amnion role

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13
Q

T or F: amniotic plaques have no functional role

A

True

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14
Q

What does this image show/ what is on placenta

A

amniotic plaques

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15
Q

What is the purpose of endometrial cups in equine placenta

A

Produce equine chorionic gonadotropin hormone leading to development of corpus luteum which maintains pregnancy

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16
Q

When do the endometrial cups develop

A

40 days (early)

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17
Q

Horse placenta- what is shown in this image

A

endometrial cups

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18
Q

What is a hippomane

A

Concretion of waste products, aggregation of sediments of allantoic fluid

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19
Q

Horse placenta- what is yellow mass

A

hippomane

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20
Q

What is a mineralized yolk sac remnant

A

Circular cystic structure found in allantoic portion of umbilical cord

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21
Q

What is shown here

A

Mineralized yolk sac remnant

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22
Q

What is the cervical star in equine placenta

A

Where placenta abuts the cervix- where baby comes out

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23
Q

The cervical star has no attachment to ___

A

Chorioallantois

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24
Q

equine placenta- What is this

A

Cervical star

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25
Q

What is hydrops

A

Dysregulation of fluid leading to excess accumulation of fluid in the amniotic or allantoic sacs and fetal death

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26
Q

What species is hdyrops most common in

A

Cows

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27
Q

Hydrallantois is more associated with ___disease

A

Uterine disease

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28
Q

Massive fluid accumulation in allantois can lead to ___ or ___

A

Abortion or dystocia

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29
Q

Hydramnios is commonly associated with ___

A

Fetal abnormalities

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30
Q

What is adventitial placetation in cows

A

Compensation for inadequate development of placetomes

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31
Q

What are some complications of adventitial placentation

A
  1. Hydrallantois
  2. Placental insufficiency—> fetal death
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32
Q

Cow placenta- what wrong

A

Adventitial placentation

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33
Q

What species typically gets subinvolution of placental sites

A

Dogs

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34
Q

What is subinvolution of placental sites

A

Persistence of normal placental sites, trophoblastic cells retained and continue to invade endometrium and myometrium

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35
Q

What are clinical signs of subinvolution of placental sites

A

Excessive blood discharge for weeks to months after delivery—> anemia, hypovolemia shock and exsanguination

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36
Q

Dog planceta, dog bled for weeks after giving birth. What is wrong

A

subinvolution of placental sites

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37
Q

How long til placenta passes in bovines

A

12hrs

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38
Q

How long til placenta passes in horses

A

3hrs

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39
Q

What are the 2 routes of infection for placentitis

A
  1. Ascending through cervix
  2. Hematogenous to place tome
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40
Q

What signs are seen with chronic placentitis

A
  1. Placental edema
  2. Intercotyledonary opacity
  3. Intercotyledonary fibrosis
  4. Cupping of cotyledon
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41
Q

What is abortion

A

Dead fetus delivered prior to time of expected viability

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42
Q

What is still birth

A

Dead fetus delivered during period of expected viability

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43
Q

Resorption is a result of early ___

A

Embryonic death

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44
Q

What are some causes of resorption

A

Chromosomal or other genetic abnormalities

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45
Q

What is mummification

A

Auto lysis without putrefaction- fluid gets reabsorbed and fetus desiccates (drys out)

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46
Q

What are the prerequisites for mummification

A

Closed cervix, no bacteria, skin has not keratinized yet

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47
Q

What species is mummification most common in

A

Sows

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48
Q

What lesion is associated with mummification

A

Persistent corpus luteum

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49
Q

Mummification can lead to retained with viable fetuses that can lead to prolonged___

A

Gestation period

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50
Q

T or F: females that had fetus mummified breed normally afterwards

A

True

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51
Q

What is macerated fetus

A

Fetal death in presence of uterine infection- typically bacteria that causes liquefaction/ putrefaction of fetal tissue

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52
Q

What happened and what is cause

A

macerated fetus, bacteria caused liquefection/ putrefaction of fetal tissue

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53
Q

What are the 3 best samples for an abortion workup

A
  1. Entire fetus (on ice not frozen)
  2. Entire placenta
  3. Serum from several affected and unaffected animals
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54
Q

If you can only send one thing for an abortion workup, what is most important

A

Placenta

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55
Q

What does BVD cause

A

Abortions, congenital anomalies, persistently infected calf

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56
Q

How is BVD introduced to herd

A

Persistently infected carriers

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57
Q

How is BVD controlled

A

Vaccines

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58
Q

If a cow becomes infected with BVD at ~0-120 days gestation what happens

A

Embryonic death, abortion, stillbirth, mummification, persistently infected calves

59
Q

If cow becomes infected with BVD at ~120-180 days gestation what happens

A

Congenital anomalies including hydrocephalus, micropthalmia, cataracts, arthrogryposis, cerebellar hypoplasia

60
Q

What is best dx for BVD

A

PCR

61
Q

BHV-1 is often associated with __especially in herds not adequately vaccinated

A

Abortion storms

62
Q

Fetuses who mom have BHV-1 are often __mid to late term

A

Autolyzed

63
Q

What is the definitive host for neospora caninum

A

Dogs

64
Q

What does neospora caninum cause

A

Abortions at 3-9 months/ mid gestation

65
Q

T or F: there are no gross lesions with neospora caninum

A

True

66
Q

What are some lesions that can sometimes be seen on fetus with neospora caninum

A

Necrosis of brain, brain stem, skeletal muscle, heart

67
Q

What does histo look like for neospora caninum

A

Tachyzoites in foci of brain necrosis, myocytes

68
Q

Where does leptospirosis localized in adults

A

Kidneys

69
Q

What does leptospirosis cause in pregnant cows

A

Abort last trimester

70
Q

How does placenta appear when infected with leptospirosis

A

Edematous

71
Q

T or F: leptospirosis is zoonotic

A

True

72
Q

What lesions does urea plasma diversum cause

A

Vulvitis, embryonic death, abortion last trimester, birth of dead or weak calves

73
Q

What part of the placenta is most severely affected by urea plasma diversum

A

Amnion

74
Q

What does urea plasma diversum do to fetus

A

Firm lungs, non-suppurative alveolitis, erosive conjunctivitis, arthritis

75
Q

How does the amnion appear that is infected with urea plasma diversum

A

Opaque, red, and white areas of granulation tissue and fibrosis

76
Q

What is the dx test for urea plasma diversum

A

PCR

77
Q

Placenta/ amnion- what could have caused this.

A

ureaplasma diversum

78
Q

What is route of infection for Brucella abortus

A

Ingestion of aborted fetus or placenta or contaminated uterine discharges

79
Q

Where does Brucella abortus replicate

A

Trophoblastic cells

80
Q

Brucella abortus causes both __ and ___placentitis

A

Intercotyledonary and cotyledonary

81
Q

How do the cotyledons appear infected with B. Abortus

A

Necrotic, yellow, gray, covered with brown exudate

82
Q

How does Intercotyledonary placenta appear infected with B. Abortus

A

Thickened and opaque, tough with exudates

83
Q

What does the fetus get when mom is infected with B. Abortus

A

Bronchopneumonia

84
Q

When does B. Abortus causes abortion

A

7th or 8th month gestation- late term

85
Q

T or F: B. Abortus is not zoonotic

A

False

86
Q

Cow placenta- cow aborted calf in 8th month and histo shows a gram - bacteria- what is likely cause

A

B. Abortus

87
Q

C. Fetus subspecies venerealis causes ___in cows

A

Infertility

88
Q

C. Fetus subspecies venerealis and C. Fetus subspecies fetus causes __in sheep

A

Abortion

89
Q

What fungi typically caused mycotic abortions

A

Aspergillus and zygomycetes

90
Q

What is pathogenesis of mycotic abortions in cows

A

Hematogenous—> placenta

91
Q

What is pathogenesis for mycotic abortions in horses

A

Ascending—> placenta

92
Q

Mycotic abortions occur when

A

Mid to late term

93
Q

How does fetus appear when there is a mycotic abortion

A

Hyperkeratotic dermatitis, uniquely the eyebrows

94
Q

How does the placenta appear when there is a fungal infection causing mycotic abortions

A

Necrotizing placentitis, cotyledons are large, brown, friable

Intercotyledonary chorioallantosis is leathery and covered in brown exudate

95
Q

What is likely cause of this abortion based on lesions seen

A

Mycotic abortion

96
Q

When does Coxiella Burnetti cause abortion

A

Late in gestation

97
Q

What does histology of placenta infected with coxiella burnetti show

A

Many organisms in trophoblasts

98
Q

Coxiella burnetti is zoonotic and co-infection with ___is common

A

Toxoplasma

99
Q

What is the name of the disease caused by Coxiella burnetti

A

Q fever

100
Q

What is name of disease caused by Chalmydia abortus

A

Ovine enzootic abortion

101
Q

When does chlamydia abortus typically cause abortion

A

Final trimester

102
Q

If you have a late in utero infection with chlamydia abortus it will cause abortion with the __pregnancy

A

Next

103
Q

T or F: infection with chlamydia abortus is chronic, but abortion will never occur after 1st one

A

True

104
Q

T or F: chlamydia abortus is zoonotic

A

True

105
Q

What does C. Fetus subspecies fetus cause

A

Late term abortion or live but sick lambs

106
Q

T or F: ewes are immune after first infection with C. Fetus fetus

A

True

107
Q

What part of the placenta is more affected by C. Fetus fetus

A

Placentomes (cotyledonary)»>intercotyledonary

108
Q

What happens to fetus infected with C. Fetus fetus

A

Hepatic necrosis

109
Q

Based on the part of the placenta affected and the late term abortion in an ewe what is likely cause

A

C. Fetus (most placentomes affected)

110
Q

Ewe aborted fetus and necropsy of fetus shows there targetoid hepatic necrosis lesions- what is likely cause

A

C, fetus fetus

111
Q

What is the definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii

A

Cat

112
Q

Disease associated with toxoplasma gondii is dependent on ___

A

Stage of pregnancy

113
Q

Infection with toxoplasma gondii before 50 days gestation results in what

A

Embryonic death and resorption

114
Q

Infection with toxoplasma gondii at 50-90 days gestation results in what

A

Fetal death, mummification, stillbirth, neonatal death

115
Q

Infection with toxoplasma gondii in last month of gestation results in what

A

Unapparent toxoplasmosis or no infection

116
Q

What does placenta look like that is infected with toxoplasma gondii

A

Cotyledonary necrosis with mineralization. Multimodal white spots on cotyledons

117
Q

T or F: T. Gondii is not zoonotic

A

False

118
Q

Cat placenta, aborted fetus. Based on the look of the cotyledons what is likely cause

A

T. Gondii

119
Q

What are some viral causes of equine abortion

A
  1. EHV-1
  2. Equine viral arteritis
120
Q

How do eastern tent caterpillars cause abortion in horses

A

Migration of setae (hairs) leading to inflammation everywhere, act as FB—> abortion

121
Q

EHV-1 causes 95% of abortions to occur when

A

Last 3 months of gestation

122
Q

What sign is seen with fetus infected with EHV-1

A

Severe pulmonary edema

123
Q

What sign is seen in mares infected with equine viral arteritis

A

Multifocal necrotizing metritis

124
Q

What are some causes of porcine abortion

A
  1. SMEDI
  2. Brucella suis
125
Q

Brucella suis has affinity for ___ and ___

A

Skeleton and joints

126
Q

What are the 4 viruses that cause SMEDI in pigs

A
  1. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
  2. Porcine parvovirus
  3. Pseudorabies virus (herpes-1)
  4. Porcine circovirus 2
127
Q

Pig aborted all these piglets- based on varying size what virus likely caused this

A

Porcine parvovirus

128
Q

What 2 pathogens cause abortion in dogs

A
  1. Canine brucellosis
  2. Canine herpesvirus
129
Q

How is canine herpesvirus transmitted

A

Material lesion via birth canal

130
Q

Canine herpes virus has a high mortality of puppies <__old

A

3 weeks

131
Q

What are some gross findings on puppies infected with canine herpesvirus

A

Multifocal hemorrhages on kidney- turkey egg kidney

132
Q

__% of cases of equine twinning, both twins die

A

80%

133
Q

What causes equine twinning abortions

A

Placental insufficiency, deprivation of oxygen and nutrients

134
Q

What caused this abortion

A

umbilical cord torsion

135
Q

What causes pregnancy toxemia

A

High energy needs during late pregnancy/ early lactation—> negative energy balance—> hepatic lipidosis

136
Q

What tissue is this from. What taken from pregnant sheep or goat, wht is wrong

A

liver- hepatic lipidosis due to pregnancy toxemia

137
Q

What caused this

A

Ingestion of Veratrum californicum on 14 day gestation in sheep—> cyclopia

138
Q

What is ergot

A

Abnormal contractions in uterine smooth muscle

139
Q

What this

A

Schistosomus reflexus

140
Q

Expecting twins, then you pull out on normal twin, then this- what is this

A

Amorphous globosus

141
Q

Uterine/ vaginal tear is a sequela to ___

A

Torsion

142
Q

Uterine / vaginal tears can cause severe ___

A

Dystocia

143
Q

What this

A

Uterine/ vaginal tear

Pathology I (23 decks)

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