Respiratory/Other Anatomy Flashcards
At what vertebral level does the trachea begin?
C6 (lower border of the cricoid cartilage)
When do the alveoli develop in a fetus?
3rd trimester
What connects the posterior part of the tracheal rings?
Trachealis muscle
The trachea ends at what vertebral level(s)?
T4/5 (sternal angle)
The bifurcation of the trachea is called what?
Carina
What primary bronchus is longer, narrower, and more horizontal?
Left primary bronchus
Which lung is bigger?
Right
Which pleural layer is sensitive to pain and what nerves supply that layer?
Parietal (outer) layer
Intercostal and phrenic nerves
The extension of the lungs into the neck is limited by what?
Suprapleural membrane (a fibrous structure)
What is the order in which the lymphatics of the lung drain?
Pulmonary nodes, to bronchopulmonary nodes, to tracheobronchial nodes, into para-tracheal nodes, finally into mediastinal lymphatic trunks
Venous drainage of the lungs is via what?
Azygos venous system
The azygos vein receives blood from what veins?
2nd-11th posterior intercostal and right subcostal veins
The hemiazygos vein receives blood from what veins?
9th-11th left intercostal veins and left subcostal vein
The accessory hemiazygos vein receives blood from which veins?
5th-8th left intercostal veins
What are the 3 major openings in the diaphragm and what passes through them?
T8- IVC, right phrenic nerve, and pericardiacophrenic vessels
T10- Esophagus and the vagus nerves
T12- Aorta, thoracic duct, and azygos vein
The phrenic nerve is derived from what levels?
C3, C4, C5 (keeps the diaphragm alive)
The medial arcuate ligament is over what muscle?
Psoas
The lateral arcuate ligament is over what muscle?
Quadratus lumborum
The outer cortex of lymph nodes has these types of cells?
Mature B cells organized into follicles
Inner cortex of lymph nodes has ________ cells?
Mature T cells
What types of cells leave lymph nodes via the hilum?
Activated lymphocytes
What is the “largest aggregation of lymphoid tissue?”
Spleen
What ribs does the spleen lie between?
9th and 11th in the left midaxillary line
What is the job of the red pulp in the spleen?
Destroy old RBC’s
The gastrosplenic ligament contains what vessels?
Short gastric and left gastroepiploic arteries and veins
What is the largest internal organ in the body?
Liver
The coronary ligament suspends the liver to the undersurface of what?
Diaphragm
What is the region of the liver bounded by the coronary ligament called?
Bare area
Which anatomical lobe of the liver is divided in half between the 2 functional lobes? (Right and left)
Caudate lobe
The portal vein supplies the liver with ____% of its blood supply?
70%
The porta hepatis lies between which 2 anatomical lobes of the liver?
Caudate and quadrate
The common hepatic duct joins up with the _______ to form the common bile duct?
Cystic duct (from gallbladder)
What feature is found in the medulla of the Thymus and isn’t found anywhere else in the body?
Hassall’s corpuscles
The thoracic duct begins at what anatomical structure?
Cisterna chyli [L1]
Thoracic duct empty’s into what veins?
Left internal jugular and subclavian veins
The thoracic duct drains lymph from what areas of the body?
Lower extremities
Left half of head and neck
Left chest
Lymph from the right side of the body (not including lower extremity) drains into what?
Right lymphatic duct
What are the layers of the epidermis of the skin from outside-in?
"Stratum" Corneum Lucidum Granulosum Spinosum Basale (Californian's Like Girls in String Bikinis)
What are the 2 layers of the dermis (skin)?
Papillary layer
Reticular layer
What are Meissner’s corpuscles specialized to sense?
Pressure
Which skin layer contains the pacinian corpuscles and what are they sensitive to?
Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)
Sensitive to vibration
Eccrine sweat glands are supplied by ______ nerves and apocrine glands are supplied by ______?
Cholinergic
Adrenergic (apocrine are only in axilla, mons pubis, and around anus)
Sebaceous glands produce an oily substance called?
Sebum
What attaches to the crest on the neck of typical vertebrae? (3-9)
Superior costotransverse ligament
What makes the 2nd rib atypical?
There is a large rough tuberosity near its middle for the attachment of the serratus anterior
The intercostal veins arteries and nerves (VAN) run between which 2 muscle layers?
Internal and innermost
The breasts are a modified version of what type of gland?
apocrine sweat gland
75% of the breast lymphatic drainage drains into what?
Anterior group of axillary nodes
The space between the lungs is called what?
Mediastinum
A horizontal line that separates the superior and inferior mediastinum is at what vertebral levels?
T4/T5
Where does the Esophagus begin?
Inferior border of the cricoid cartilage at C6
The esophagus passes through what structure at the level of T10?
Diaphragm
The upper 1/3, middle 1/3 and lower 1/3 of the esophagus are supplied by which arteries?
Inferior thyroid artery, thoracic aorta, and left gastric artery, respectively.
The hilum of the kidney has what structures in it?
Renal vein
Renal artery
Ureter
The renal veins drain into what structure?
Inferior vena cava
Give the order in which the kidneys drain in the medulla?
Pyramids, into minor calyces, into major calyces, into the renal pelvis
The ureter is innervated by fibers from what spinal levels?
T10-L1, S2-4
The bladder is made up of smooth muscle, specially named what?
Detrusor muscle
The internal sphincter of the bladder is relaxed by what nerve?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4)
The external sphincter of the bladder is controlled by what nerve?
Pudendal nerve (S2-4)
The penile part of the urethra passes through what in the penis?
Corpus spongiosum (and then opens at the urethral orifice)
The male urethra is divided into 3 parts; what are they called?
Prostatic, membranous, and penile (makes sense)
