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Chiro Essentials > Respiratory/Other Anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory/Other Anatomy Flashcards

0
Q

At what vertebral level does the trachea begin?

A

C6 (lower border of the cricoid cartilage)

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1
Q

When do the alveoli develop in a fetus?

A

3rd trimester

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2
Q

What connects the posterior part of the tracheal rings?

A

Trachealis muscle

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3
Q

The trachea ends at what vertebral level(s)?

A

T4/5 (sternal angle)

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4
Q

The bifurcation of the trachea is called what?

A

Carina

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5
Q

What primary bronchus is longer, narrower, and more horizontal?

A

Left primary bronchus

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6
Q

Which lung is bigger?

A

Right

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7
Q

Which pleural layer is sensitive to pain and what nerves supply that layer?

A

Parietal (outer) layer

Intercostal and phrenic nerves

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8
Q

The extension of the lungs into the neck is limited by what?

A

Suprapleural membrane (a fibrous structure)

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9
Q

What is the order in which the lymphatics of the lung drain?

A

Pulmonary nodes, to bronchopulmonary nodes, to tracheobronchial nodes, into para-tracheal nodes, finally into mediastinal lymphatic trunks

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10
Q

Venous drainage of the lungs is via what?

A

Azygos venous system

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11
Q

The azygos vein receives blood from what veins?

A

2nd-11th posterior intercostal and right subcostal veins

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12
Q

The hemiazygos vein receives blood from what veins?

A

9th-11th left intercostal veins and left subcostal vein

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13
Q

The accessory hemiazygos vein receives blood from which veins?

A

5th-8th left intercostal veins

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14
Q

What are the 3 major openings in the diaphragm and what passes through them?

A

T8- IVC, right phrenic nerve, and pericardiacophrenic vessels
T10- Esophagus and the vagus nerves
T12- Aorta, thoracic duct, and azygos vein

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15
Q

The phrenic nerve is derived from what levels?

A

C3, C4, C5 (keeps the diaphragm alive)

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16
Q

The medial arcuate ligament is over what muscle?

A

Psoas

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17
Q

The lateral arcuate ligament is over what muscle?

A

Quadratus lumborum

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18
Q

The outer cortex of lymph nodes has these types of cells?

A

Mature B cells organized into follicles

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19
Q

Inner cortex of lymph nodes has ________ cells?

A

Mature T cells

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20
Q

What types of cells leave lymph nodes via the hilum?

A

Activated lymphocytes

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21
Q

What is the “largest aggregation of lymphoid tissue?”

A

Spleen

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22
Q

What ribs does the spleen lie between?

A

9th and 11th in the left midaxillary line

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23
Q

What is the job of the red pulp in the spleen?

A

Destroy old RBC’s

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24
Q

The gastrosplenic ligament contains what vessels?

A

Short gastric and left gastroepiploic arteries and veins

25
Q

What is the largest internal organ in the body?

A

Liver

26
Q

The coronary ligament suspends the liver to the undersurface of what?

A

Diaphragm

27
Q

What is the region of the liver bounded by the coronary ligament called?

A

Bare area

28
Q

Which anatomical lobe of the liver is divided in half between the 2 functional lobes? (Right and left)

A

Caudate lobe

29
Q

The portal vein supplies the liver with ____% of its blood supply?

A

70%

30
Q

The porta hepatis lies between which 2 anatomical lobes of the liver?

A

Caudate and quadrate

31
Q

The common hepatic duct joins up with the _______ to form the common bile duct?

A

Cystic duct (from gallbladder)

32
Q

What feature is found in the medulla of the Thymus and isn’t found anywhere else in the body?

A

Hassall’s corpuscles

33
Q

The thoracic duct begins at what anatomical structure?

A

Cisterna chyli [L1]

34
Q

Thoracic duct empty’s into what veins?

A

Left internal jugular and subclavian veins

35
Q

The thoracic duct drains lymph from what areas of the body?

A

Lower extremities
Left half of head and neck
Left chest

36
Q

Lymph from the right side of the body (not including lower extremity) drains into what?

A

Right lymphatic duct

37
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis of the skin from outside-in?

A 
"Stratum" Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basale  (Californian's Like Girls in String Bikinis)
38
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dermis (skin)?

A

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

39
Q

What are Meissner’s corpuscles specialized to sense?

A

Pressure

40
Q

Which skin layer contains the pacinian corpuscles and what are they sensitive to?

A

Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

Sensitive to vibration

41
Q

Eccrine sweat glands are supplied by ______ nerves and apocrine glands are supplied by ______?

A

Cholinergic

Adrenergic (apocrine are only in axilla, mons pubis, and around anus)

42
Q

Sebaceous glands produce an oily substance called?

A

Sebum

43
Q

What attaches to the crest on the neck of typical vertebrae? (3-9)

A

Superior costotransverse ligament

44
Q

What makes the 2nd rib atypical?

A

There is a large rough tuberosity near its middle for the attachment of the serratus anterior

45
Q

The intercostal veins arteries and nerves (VAN) run between which 2 muscle layers?

A

Internal and innermost

46
Q

The breasts are a modified version of what type of gland?

A

apocrine sweat gland

47
Q

75% of the breast lymphatic drainage drains into what?

A

Anterior group of axillary nodes

48
Q

The space between the lungs is called what?

A

Mediastinum

49
Q

A horizontal line that separates the superior and inferior mediastinum is at what vertebral levels?

A

T4/T5

50
Q

Where does the Esophagus begin?

A

Inferior border of the cricoid cartilage at C6

51
Q

The esophagus passes through what structure at the level of T10?

A

Diaphragm

52
Q

The upper 1/3, middle 1/3 and lower 1/3 of the esophagus are supplied by which arteries?

A

Inferior thyroid artery, thoracic aorta, and left gastric artery, respectively.

53
Q

The hilum of the kidney has what structures in it?

A

Renal vein
Renal artery
Ureter

54
Q

The renal veins drain into what structure?

A

Inferior vena cava

55
Q

Give the order in which the kidneys drain in the medulla?

A

Pyramids, into minor calyces, into major calyces, into the renal pelvis

56
Q

The ureter is innervated by fibers from what spinal levels?

A

T10-L1, S2-4

57
Q

The bladder is made up of smooth muscle, specially named what?

A

Detrusor muscle

58
Q

The internal sphincter of the bladder is relaxed by what nerve?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4)

59
Q

The external sphincter of the bladder is controlled by what nerve?

A

Pudendal nerve (S2-4)

60
Q

The penile part of the urethra passes through what in the penis?

A

Corpus spongiosum (and then opens at the urethral orifice)

61
Q

The male urethra is divided into 3 parts; what are they called?

A

Prostatic, membranous, and penile (makes sense)

Chiro Essentials (16 decks)

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