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Chiro Essentials > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

0
Q

In an endospore stain, the endospores turn _____ and the other cells turn _____?

A

Green

Red

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1
Q

In an acid-fast stain, the mycobacterium will turn ____ and the other tissues turn _____?

A

Red

Blue

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2
Q

Most Gram+ bacteria will end in what?

A

us, um

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3
Q

What are some exceptions to the Gram+ rule?

A

Listeria, Nocardia, Actinomyces, Streptomyces

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4
Q

Gram- bacteria will end in what?

A

a, er

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5
Q

What are some exceptions to the Gram- rule?

A

Pseudomonas, Proteus, Vibrio, Haemophilus, Bacteroides

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6
Q

Bacteria with NO cell wall form what distinctive appearance?

A

“fried egg”

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7
Q

What organisms require an acid-fast stain?

A

Mycobacterium (waxy Mycolic-acid in cell wall)

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8
Q

What are the 2 prokaryotes that have a palisade arrangement?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria and clostridium tetani

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9
Q

What is found more often in Gram- bacteria and allows them to be more resistant?

A

Plasmids (F-plasmids, R-plasmids, etc.)

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10
Q

Endospores are only formed in these 2 bacterial organisms.

A

Clostridium, bacillus

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11
Q

What is the most common form of bacterial reproduction?

A

Binary Fission (1 parent= 2 daughter cells)

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12
Q

Eukaryotic cells have ___ ribosomes, except mitochondria and chloroplasts which have ___?

A

80S, 70S respectively

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13
Q

What is a Virion?

A

DNA or RNA enclosed in a capsid (enveloped or nonenveloped)

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14
Q

Viroids infect ____ and viroidlike agents infect _____?

A

Plants, fungi respectively.

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15
Q

What are the only ways to kill prions? (proteinaceous agents)

A

Incineration, autoclave

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16
Q

What is the most common viral shape?

A

Polyhedral (and of that MC is Icosahedron-20 sides)

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17
Q

Most pathogens prefer what growth classification?

A

Mesophilic (moderate temps.)

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18
Q

Autotrophs get their nutrient source from what?

A

Carbon dioxide

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19
Q

What type of viral replication results in bacteria becoming pathogenic?

A

Lysogenic conversion

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20
Q

An environment or procedure that is free of contamination by pathogens.

A

Aseptic

21
Q

What is the term for freeze drying/dry ice?

A

Lyophilization

22
Q

Removal of ill people who have a disease is called?

A

Isolation

23
Q

Removal of well persons who may have been exposed to a disease is called?

A

Quarantine

24
Q

Number of new cases of a disease in an area during a given period of time.

A

Incidence

25
Q

Number of total cases of a disease in an area during a given period of time.

A

Prevalence

26
Q

Administration of antigens so that patient actively mounts a protective immune response.

A

Active immunization (slow action, long lasting)

27
Q

Individual acquires immunity through the transfer of antibodies formed by immune individual or animal.

A

Passive immunotherapy (immediate protection, short term)

28
Q

What is it called when the effectiveness of a vaccine is checked by measuring the amount of antibody in the blood?

A

Titer

30
Q

What is used to inactivate vaccines?

A

Formaldehyde

31
Q

What can you get from custard filled pastry, eggs, tuna fish salad within 2-4 hours?

A

Staph (+)

32
Q

What can you get from improperly canned veggies, and smoked fish within 18-26 hours?

A

Botulism (+)

33
Q

What can you get from unpasteurized milk products, hot dogs, lunch meats, and can take up to two weeks?

A

Listeria (+)

34
Q

What can you get from undercooked meat, veggies, fruit exposed to fecal material that can take up to 2 days?

A

E. Coli (-)

35
Q

What can you get from poultry, meats and eggs within 12-48 hours?

A

Salmonella (-)

36
Q

What can you get from foods and water within 1-2 days?

A

Shigella (-)

37
Q

What can you get from seafood and water within 1-5 days?

A

Cholera (-)

38
Q

What can you get from undercooked meat a few hours to 3 weeks later?

A

Francisella tularensis (-)

39
Q

what can you get from raw milk, can get TB in months to years?

A

Mycobacterium bovis

40
Q

What is a virus spread by arthropods (insects)?

A

arboviruses

41
Q

S/S: sudden fever, severe headache, seizures, coma, 50% die

A

Eastern Equine Encephalitis (mosquitoes)

42
Q

S/S: fever, headache, stiff neck, vomiting, 3% die, mostly affects elderly and infants?

A

Western Equine Encephalitis (mosquitoes)

43
Q

S/S: Fever, headache, can cause encephalitis

A

West Nile (mosquito)

44
Q

S/S: fever, headache, encephalitis, mostly elderly affected

A

St. Louis Encephalitis (mosquito)

45
Q

S/S: fever, headache, abdominal pain, encephalitis

A

California Encephalitis (mosquito)

46
Q

S/S: causes bleeding and encephalitis

A

Rift Valley Fever (mosquito)

47
Q

S/S: fever, rash, headache known as “dengue triangle”

A

Dengue Fever (mosquito)

48
Q

S/S: fever headache, nose bleeds

A

Yellow fever (mosquito)

49
Q

S/S: fever, headache, chills, eye pain

A

Colorado tick fever (tick)

50
Q

S/S: bulls eye rash, migrating joint pain

A

Lyme disease (tick)

51
Q

S/S: rash on hands and feet

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever (tick)

52
Q

TB, small pox, malaria and mumps are all considered what type of diseases?

A

Re-emerging

Chiro Essentials (16 decks)

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