Endocrine Physiology

Question 0

What does ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) do?

Answer 0

Governs synthesis of cortisol and pregnenolone in the adrenal cortex

Question 1

What is the master control gland of the endocrine system?

Answer 1

Pituitary gland (which is actually controlled by the hypothalamus)

Question 2

Elevated levels of ACTh are seen in what disease?

Answer 2

Cushing’s syndrome

Question 3

What does FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) do?

Answer 3

Female- Stimulates the follicles in the ovaries to produce estrogen
Male- Stimulates Sertoli cells for spermatogenesis

Question 4

What does LH (Luteinizing Hormone) do?

Answer 4

Stimulates ovulation and the production of progesterone in the ovary-Females
Stimulates the interstitial cells of Leydig in the testis to produce testosterone-Males

Question 5

What is the other name for Growth Hormone (GH)?

Answer 5

Somatotropin

Question 6

What does TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) do?

Answer 6

Stimulates the thyroid to produce Thyroxin

Question 7

What does Prolactin do?

Answer 7

Promotes breast development and milk production (not milk ejection though)

Question 8

Which lobe of the pituitary gland secretes hormones and which one stores (other ones) but does not secrete?

Answer 8

Anterior-secretes

Posterior-stores (different hormones than the anterior)

Question 9

What are the 2 hormones that the posterior pituitary lobe stores?

Answer 9

Oxytocin and ADH (Anti-diuretic Hormone)

Question 10

What does Oxytocin do?

Answer 10

Stimulates contraction of uterine muscles (labor) and milk ejection

Question 11

What does the pars intermedia (between ant. and post. lobes) secrete?

Answer 11

Melanin Stimulating Hormone (MSH)

Question 12

What is the active hormone produced by the thyroid gland?

Answer 12

T3 (Tri-Iodothyronine)- Increases metabolism

Question 13

The parafollicular cells of the thyroid glad secrete what?

Answer 13

Calcitonin

Question 14

What does PTH (parathyroid hormone) do?

Answer 14

Takes calcium from bone and puts it into the blood, increases calcium reabsorption in the kidneys and gut

Question 15

What are the symptoms of hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia?

Answer 15

Hypo- Tetany and muscle spasm

Hyper- Muscle fatigue

Question 16

What are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex and what do they secrete?

Answer 16

Zona glomerulosa- aldosterone
Zona fasciculata- Cortisol
Zona reticularis- Pregnenolone

Question 17

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 17

Causes water retention so acts on the kidneys to regulate Na+ reabsorption

Question 18

Destruction of the adrenal cortex results in what disease?

Answer 18

Addison’s disease (weight loss, low blood pressure & bronzing of skin)

Question 19

All of the adrenal cortex hormones are produced from?

Answer 19

Cholesterol

Question 20

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

Answer 20

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 21

Where are the endocrine cells in the pancreas found?

Answer 21

Islets of Langerhans

Question 22

What amino acids could stimulate insulin secretion possibly?

Answer 22

Alanine and Leucine

Question 23

What do the D cells in the pancreas and stomach secrete?

Answer 23

Somatostatin (Growth hormone inhibitory hormone, GHIH)