Endocrine/Gastrointestinal Anatomy Flashcards
Which lobe of the pituitary PRODUCES hormones like FSH, LH, & GH (among others)?
Anterior lobe (Posterior lobe doesn’t produce any)
What is considered the “Master Endocrine Gland?”
Pituitary Gland
What anatomical triangle does the thyroid gland lie in?
Anterior cervical triangle
Thyroid gland is supplied by which 3 arteries?
Superior thyroid artery
Inferior thyroid artery
Thyroidea ima (3-10%)
What is the only muscle that tenses the vocal cords?
Cricothyroid
What type of cells secrete calcitonin from the thyroid?
parafollicular cells
Parathyroid hormone (PH) is secreted by ____ cells in the parathyroid gland?
Chief
The main pancreatic duct joins which duct to open into the ampulla of Vater in the duodenum?
Common bile duct
The head of the pancreas is drained by what duct?
accessory pancreatic duct
What are the 3 structural zones of the cortex of the adrenal glands in order? (superficial-deep)
Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona Reticularis
The medulla of the adrenal gland secretes what which is under sympathetic control?
Norepinephrin
The gastro-intestinal system is derived from?
Endoderm
Which congenital anomaly of the gastro-intestinal system has the “rule of 2’s?”
Meckel’s diverticulum (2% pop., 2 in. long, 2x more in males, etc.)
Which layer of peritoneum is sensitive to pain?
Parietal peritoneum
The organs in the abdominal cavity that are only covered anteriorly by peritoneum are called what?
retroperitoneal
Name the retroperitoneal structures. (AC DC PARK AID)
ascending colon, descending colon, pancreas, adrenals, rectum, kidneys, aorta, IVC, duodenum (2nd-4th parts)
The chief cells of the stomach produce what?
Pepsinogen
The parietal (oxynitic) cells of the stomach produce what?
Hydrochloric acid & Intrinsic factor
The common bile duct opens into which part of duodenum?
2nd part (descending)
The duodeno-jejunal junction is held in place by what ligament?
Suspensory ligament (of Treitz) which is attached to the right crus of the diaphragm
The opening for bile ducts into the 2nd part of the duodenum is guarded by what smooth muscle?
Sphincter of Oddi
Which part of the small intestine is thicker, wider and more vascular?
Jejunum
Which part of the small intestine has Peyer’s patches?
Ileum
What artery supplies all of the small intestine and most of the large?
Superior mesenteric artery
The appendix is most often located here.
Behind cecum (65% of time)
In what order to lymphatics of the colon drain?
Pericolic, to paracolic, to mesenteric, to para-aortic
What artery supplies the rectum?
Superior rectal branch of the Interior mesenteric artery
The junction between the 2 embryological origins of the anal canal is called what?
Pectineal line
Whats the difference in muscle type between the internal and external anal sphincter’s?
Internal- Smooth
External- Skeletal
Which part of the anal canal is sensitive to pain?
Lower half (derived from ectoderm) -Upper half is derived from endoderm
