Renal/Respiratory Physiology

Question 0

What are the 2 types of nephrons?

Answer 0

Cortical (80%)

Juxta-medullary (20%)

Question 1

What is the functional unit in the kidney?

Answer 1

Nephron

Question 2

What hormones are secreted from the kidneys?

Answer 2

Erythropoietin and renin

Question 3

What is the main function of the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 3

Reabsorption

Question 4

What is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 4

Most of bicarbonate and phosphate
60-70% of Na, K, and Ca
50% of H2O and urea
100% of filtered amino acids and glucose

Question 5

The thin descending part of loop of henle is responsible for?

Answer 5

Concentrating urine (Trapping Na and Cl)

Question 6

The thick ascending part of loop of henle is responsible for?

Answer 6

Diluting urine

Question 7

What hormone acts mainly on the distal convoluted tubule to facilitate Na resorption and K secretion?

Answer 7

Aldosterone

Question 8

Vitamin D acts on the distal convoluted tubule to facilitate Ca resorption and PO4 secretion in what form?

Answer 8

1, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (active form of Vit. D)

Question 9

The Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is primarily involved with what?

Answer 9

Blood pressure regulation

Question 10

The macula densa (sensitive to salt concentration) is located where?

Answer 10

In the distal convoluted tubule near afferent and efferent arterioles of the glomerulus

Question 11

This is a peptide hormone produced by stretched atrial myocardial fibers and causes decreased Na reabsorption in the kidneys.

Answer 11

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

Question 12

What is the major acid-base buffer in the blood?

Answer 12

Bicarbonate (HCO3)

Question 13

Excess hydrogen ions are excreted as ______?

Answer 13

Ammonium (NH4+)

Question 14

What are the 2 main organs that take care of acid-base balance?

Answer 14

Kidneys and lungs

Question 15

In lungs, the capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and Type I pneumocytes make up the “_______?”

Answer 15

air-blood barrier

Question 16

What type of cells produce surfactant in the lungs?

Answer 16

Type II pneumocytes

Question 17

Does blood have the capacity to carry more CO2 or O2?

Answer 17

CO2 (20x more)- but usually blood carries more O2

Question 18

What has the HIGHEST affinity for binding with hemoglobin? (O2, CO2, or CO)

Answer 18

CO (Carbon monoxide)

Question 19

What is the major determinant of breathing rate?

Answer 19

amount of CO2 in the blood

Question 20

This type of breathing is characterized by deep rapid regular breathing and is seen in diabetic ketoacidosis.

Answer 20

Kussmaul breathing

Question 21

This reflex limits over-inflation of the lungs.

Answer 21

Hering-Breuer reflex

Question 22

The volume of a normal breath is called?

Answer 22

Tidal Volume

Question 23

The Total Lung Capacity of a lung is how many mL?

Answer 23

5800 mL