Renal/Respiratory Physiology Flashcards

0
Q

What are the 2 types of nephrons?

A

Cortical (80%)

Juxta-medullary (20%)

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1
Q

What is the functional unit in the kidney?

A

Nephron

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2
Q

What hormones are secreted from the kidneys?

A

Erythropoietin and renin

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3
Q

What is the main function of the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Reabsorption

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4
Q

What is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Most of bicarbonate and phosphate
60-70% of Na, K, and Ca
50% of H2O and urea
100% of filtered amino acids and glucose

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5
Q

The thin descending part of loop of henle is responsible for?

A

Concentrating urine (Trapping Na and Cl)

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6
Q

The thick ascending part of loop of henle is responsible for?

A

Diluting urine

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7
Q

What hormone acts mainly on the distal convoluted tubule to facilitate Na resorption and K secretion?

A

Aldosterone

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8
Q

Vitamin D acts on the distal convoluted tubule to facilitate Ca resorption and PO4 secretion in what form?

A

1, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (active form of Vit. D)

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9
Q

The Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is primarily involved with what?

A

Blood pressure regulation

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10
Q

The macula densa (sensitive to salt concentration) is located where?

A

In the distal convoluted tubule near afferent and efferent arterioles of the glomerulus

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11
Q

This is a peptide hormone produced by stretched atrial myocardial fibers and causes decreased Na reabsorption in the kidneys.

A

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

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12
Q

What is the major acid-base buffer in the blood?

A

Bicarbonate (HCO3)

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13
Q

Excess hydrogen ions are excreted as ______?

A

Ammonium (NH4+)

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14
Q

What are the 2 main organs that take care of acid-base balance?

A

Kidneys and lungs

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15
Q

In lungs, the capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and Type I pneumocytes make up the “_______?”

A

air-blood barrier

16
Q

What type of cells produce surfactant in the lungs?

A

Type II pneumocytes

17
Q

Does blood have the capacity to carry more CO2 or O2?

A

CO2 (20x more)- but usually blood carries more O2

18
Q

What has the HIGHEST affinity for binding with hemoglobin? (O2, CO2, or CO)

A

CO (Carbon monoxide)

19
Q

What is the major determinant of breathing rate?

A

amount of CO2 in the blood

20
Q

This type of breathing is characterized by deep rapid regular breathing and is seen in diabetic ketoacidosis.

A

Kussmaul breathing

21
Q

This reflex limits over-inflation of the lungs.

A

Hering-Breuer reflex

22
Q

The volume of a normal breath is called?

A

Tidal Volume

23
Q

The Total Lung Capacity of a lung is how many mL?

A

5800 mL