Respiratory Medications

Question 1

SALMETEROL

1. Indications
2. MOA
3. SEs and contraindications
4. Other

Answer 1

1. COPD and asthma
2. Long-acting b2 agonist
3. 1-3% incidence of keratitis and conjunctivitis
4. Not used as a rescue inhaler

Question 2

ALBUTEROL, LEVALBUTEROL, TERBUTALINE

1. Indications
2. MOA
3. SEs and contraindications
4. Other

Answer 2

1. Rescue inhalers for acute dyspnea
2. Short acting b2-agonist
3. SEs due to b1 stimulation: tachycardia, heart palpitations, nervousness, tremors, nausea
   *Have warnings about use in glaucoma patients - risk of increased IOP
4. Metaproterenol: no longer recommended for asthma bc b1 stimulation (cardiac issues)
   Isoproterenol: No longer prescribed for asthma, used to treat arrythmias

Question 3

IPRATROPIUM

1. Indications
2. MOA
3. SEs and contraindications
4. Other

Answer 3

1. COPD and asthma
2. Blocks muscarinic receptors thereby inhibiting bronchoconstriction
3. Pupil dilation
   Anterior shift of the iris into contact with the TM reducing aqueous outflow
4. Use with caution in patients with narrow angles

Question 4

ZAFIRLUKAST, MONTELUKAST

1. Indications
2. MOA
3. SEs and contraindications
4. Other

Answer 4

1. Asthma, bronchoconstriction
   Montelukast: allergic rhinitis
2. Leukotriene receptors antagonists
3. Doesn’t cause dry eye

Question 5

THEOPHYLLINE

1. Indications
2. MOA
3. SEs and contraindications
4. Other

Answer 5

1. Asthma, bronchoconstriction
2. Inhibits phosphodiesterase –> increased cAMP –> increased release of epinephrine
3. Beta blockers can mitigate the bronchodilatory effects

Question 6

ACETYLCYSTEINE

1. Indications
2. MOA
3. SEs and contraindications
4. Other

Answer 6

1. Filamentary keratitis, dry eye, corneal burns
2. Breaks disulfide bonds in proteins of mucus
3. N/A