Cold, Allergy, and GI Medications

Question 1

PSEUDOEPHEDRINE

1. Indications
2. MOA
3. SEs and contraindications
4. Other

Answer 1

1. Common cold
2. Nonspecific alpha and beta adrenergic receptor agonist
3. Tachycardia
   Brochodilation
   Nervousness, agitation
   Diplopia and blurry vision

Used with caution in patients with increased IOP

Question 2

H1 receptor locations

Answer 2

Smooth muscle of bronchi
Blood vessels
Intestines

Question 3

What does the activation of H1 receptors cause?

Answer 3

Itching
Vasodilation
Increased vascular permeability
Contraction of smooth muscle in the GI tract

Question 4

H2 receptor locations

Answer 4

Gastric parietal cells
The heart
Pulmonary blood vessels
Cells of the immune system

Question 5

What does the activation of H2 receptors cause?

Answer 5

Itching
Vasodilation
Mucous discharge
Gastric secretion

Question 6

Which is the primary histamine receptor in the eye?

Answer 6

H1

Question 7

DIPHENHYDRAMINE, CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE, BROMPHENIRAMINE, PROMETHAZINE

FIRST GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINES

1. Indications
2. MOA
3. SEs and contraindications
4. Other

Answer 7

1. Allergic skin reactions (hives, contact dermatitis)
2. Block interaction between histamine and H1 receptors
3. Sedation due to CNS penetration
   Anti-cholinergic effects (dry eyes/mouth, mydriasis, tachycardia
4. Promethazine has similar chemical structure to phenothiazines: ocular SEs include epithelial keratopathy, endothelial pigmentation, lens changes, pigmentary retinopathy

Question 8

LORATADINE, DESLORATADINE, FEXOFENADINE, CETRIZINE, LEVOCETIRIZINE

2ND GEN ANTIHISTAMINES

1. Indications
2. MOA
3. SEs and contraindications
4. Other

Answer 8

1. Allergic rhinitis
   Chronic urticaria (hives)
2. Block interaction between histamine and H1 receptors
3. Cetirizine: EOM contractions (oculogyric crisis)
4. Less lipid soluble: less CNS penetration

Question 9

What is peptic ulcer disease mostly caused by?

Answer 9

H. Pylori and NSAIDs

Question 10

CIMETIDINE, RANITIDINE, FAMOTIDINE

1. Indications
2. MOA
3. SEs and contraindications
4. Other

Answer 10

1. Healing/preventing stomach ulcers and acid reflux
2. Prevents histamine stimulation of HCl secretion by blocking H2 receptors on gastric parietal cells
3. Diarrhea
   Gynecomastia
   Loss of libido

Question 11

OMEPRAZOLE, ESOMEPRAZOLE, LANSOPRAZOLE

1. Indications
2. MOA
3. SEs and contraindications
4. Other

Answer 11

1. 1st line therapy for peptic ulcer disease and GERD
2. inhibits H+/K+ ATPase proton pumps
3. N/A

Question 12

SUCRALFATE

1. Indications
2. MOA
3. SEs and contraindications
4. Other

Answer 12

1. Gastric lining protector, PUD
2. Forms paste-like substance by binding to damaged tissue in the stomach, thereby protecting the stomach lining against acid
3. Interferes with absorption of other medications