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Cardiovascular Medications Flashcards

1
Q

REVIEW RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM PATHWAY

A

REVIEW IT!!!

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2
Q

LISINOPRIL, BENAZEPRIL, ENALAPRIL, CAPTOPRIL, QUINAPRIL

  1. Indications
  2. MOA
  3. SEs and contraindications
  4. Other
A
  1. HTN (ACE inhibitors)
  2. Prevent formation of angiotensin II by inhibiting ACE
  3. Cough
    Hypersensitivity rxns
    Angioedema
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3
Q

LOSARTAN, VALSARTIN

  1. Indications
  2. MOA
  3. SEs and contraindications
  4. Other
A
  1. HTN (Angiotensin II receptor antagonists)
  2. Inhibits angiotensin II-directed contraction of smooth muscle and stimulation of aldosterone secretion

3.NO COUGH

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4
Q

PROPANOLOL, LABETOLOL

  1. Indications
  2. MOA
  3. SEs and contraindications
  4. Other
A
  1. HTN (Beta blockers)
  2. b1 and b2 antagonists (non selective) also block release of renin from kidney
  3. Depression
    Fatigue
    Bradycardia
    Bronchospasm
    Nausea/vomiting
    Erectile dysfunction
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5
Q

BETAXOLOL, METOPROLOL, ATENOLOL

  1. Indications
  2. MOA
  3. SEs and contraindications
  4. Other
A
  1. HTN (Beta blockers)
  2. Selective b1 receptor antagonists
  3. Depression
    Fatigue
    Bradycardia
    Bronchospasm
    Nausea/vomiting
    Erectile dysfunction
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6
Q

NIFEDIPINE, VERAPAMIL, DILTIAZEM

  1. Indications
  2. MOA
  3. SEs and contraindications
  4. Other
A
  1. HTN (Calcium channel blockers)
  2. Block L-type calcium channels resulting in a marked decrease in intracellular free calcium
  3. Verapamil/Diltiazem: direct cardiac effects (decreased HR, bradycardia, worsened heart failure)
    -Patients taking Timolol along with these are at greater risk for cardiac effects
  4. Little research on prescribing these for NTG
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7
Q

FUROSEMIDE

  1. Indications
  2. MOA
  3. SEs and contraindications
  4. Other
A
  1. HTN (Loop diuretic)
  2. Inhibits Na+2/Cl-/K+ co-transporters in the thick ascending Loop of Henle
    Increases Ca2+ secretion
  3. Hypokalemia
    Nephrotoxicity
    Ototoxicity
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8
Q

HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE, CHLOROTHIAZIDE

  1. Indications
  2. MOA
  3. SEs and contraindications
  4. Other
A
  1. HTN (Thiazides)
  2. Inhibits NaCl reabsorption and decreases Ca2+ excretion at the early distal convoluted tubule
  3. Acute transient myopia
    Acute angle close glaucoma
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9
Q

SPIRONOLACTONE, TRIAMTERENE

  1. Indications
  2. MOA
  3. SEs and contraindications
  4. Other
A
  1. HTN (K+ sparing diuretics)
  2. Spironolactone: Blocks action of aldosterone at the late DCT and collecting duct
    Triamterene: Directly blocks ENaCs in the late DCT and the late collecting ducts- no anti-androgen effects
  3. Hypokalemia
    Gynecomastia
    Anti-androgen effects
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10
Q

MANNITOL

  1. Indications
  2. MOA
  3. SEs and contraindications
  4. Other
A
  1. HTN (Osmotic diuretic)
  2. Increases plasma osmolarity thereby drawing water out of the eye: works on the entire nephron
  3. CI: pulmonary edema, dehydration, and congestive heart failure
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11
Q

All diuretics cause _________________.

A

Dry eye

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12
Q

CLONIDINE

  1. Indications
  2. MOA
  3. SEs and contraindications
  4. Other
A
  1. HTN
  2. CNS a2 agonist: decreases sympathetic outflow and increases parasympathetic tone: decreased vascular resistance and decreased heart rate
  3. Dry mouth
    Sedation
    Impotence
    Rebound HTN
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13
Q

HYDRALAZINE

  1. Indications
  2. MOA
  3. SEs and contraindications
  4. Other
A
  1. HTN
  2. Increases cGMP resulting in smooth muscle relaxation, decreases afterload
  3. Compensatory tachycardia
    Fluid retention
    Lupus-like syndrome
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14
Q

DIGOXIN

  1. Indications
  2. MOA
  3. SEs and contraindications
  4. Other
A
  1. Congestive heart failure
  2. Inhibits the Na+/K+ ATPase enzyme, leads to increased intracellular Ca2+
  3. Retrobulbar optic neuritis
    BY color defects
    Entopic phenomena
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15
Q

AMIODARONE

  1. Indications
  2. MOA
  3. SEs and contraindications
  4. Other
A
  1. Arrhythmia
  2. Blocks K+, Na+ and Ca2+ channels
  3. NAION
    Whorl keratopathy
    Anterior subcapsular lens deposits
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16
Q

WARFARIN

  1. Indications
  2. MOA
  3. SEs and contraindications
  4. Other
A
  1. Anti-coagulant
  2. Vitamin K antagonist: interferes with clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, which are dependent of Vitamin K for synthesis

3.Exacerbates bleeding
Skin necrosis
CI: pregnancy

17
Q

CLOPIDOGREL

  1. Indications
  2. MOA
  3. SEs and contraindications
  4. Other
A
  1. Anti-coagulant

2.Inhibits the ADP receptor on platelet cell membranes that is needed for platelet aggregation and clot formation

  1. Increased risk of bleeding
    GI upset
    Rash
18
Q

DIPYRIDAMOLE

  1. Indications
  2. MOA
  3. SEs and contraindications
  4. Other
A
  1. Anti-coagulant
  2. Inhibits adenosine deaminase and phosphodiesterase : increased cAMP and adenosine which inhibit platelet aggregation
  3. Increased risk of bleeding
19
Q

AGGRENOX combination

A

Dipyridamole + aspirin
Prescribed in outpatient clinics

20
Q

LOVASTATIN, SIMVASTATIN, ATORVASTATIN, FLUVASTATIN,ROSUVASTATIN, PRAVASTATIN

  1. Indications
  2. MOA
  3. SEs and contraindications
  4. Other
A
  1. Hyperlipidemia
  2. Inhibit HMG CoA reductase, which is used for the biosynthesis of cholesterol
    Lower LDL and triglycerides
    Increase HDLs
  3. Hepatotoxicity
    Myopathy
    CI: pregnancy
21
Q

GEMIFIBROZIL, FENOFIBRATE

  1. Indications
  2. MOA
  3. SEs and contraindications
  4. Other
A
  1. Hyperlipidemia (Fibric Acid)
  2. Binds to PPAR-alpha receptor and increases lipoprotein lipase activity, which breaks down VLDL
  3. GI disturbances
    Skin rash
    Urticaria
    Myositis
22
Q

CHOLESTYRAMINE

  1. Indications
  2. MOA
  3. SEs and contraindications
  4. Other
A
  1. Hyperlipidemia (Bile Acid Binding Resin)
    Prescribed in combo with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor to lower LDL levels
  2. Binds to bile acids in the intestine to prevent their reabsorption
  3. Constipation
    Fatty stools

Gen Pharm (17 decks)

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