Endocrine System Medications

Question 1

METFORMIN

1. Indications
2. MOA
3. SEs and contraindications
4. Other

Answer 1

1. Diabetes (Biguanide)
2. Decreases gluconeogenesis in liver and increases glucose intake
   DOES NOT CAUSE HYPOGLYCEMIA
3. Diarrhea
   Lactic acidosis

Question 2

GLIPIZIDE, GLYBURIDE, CHLORPROPAMIDE

1. Indications
2. MOA
3. SEs and contraindications
4. Other

Answer 2

1. Diabetes (Sulfonylureas)
2. Increase secretion of insulin by beta cells in the pancreas, decrease glucagon release
3. Hypoglycemia
   *Caution in patients with sulfa allergies
4. Beta blockers increase risk of hypoglycemia if taken with sulfonylureas and also mask hypoglycemia

Question 3

PIOGLITAZONE, ROSIGLITAZONE

1. Indications
2. MOA
3. SEs and contraindications
4. Other

Answer 3

1. Diabetes, combat insulin resistance (Thiazolidinediones)
2. Activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma to increase glucose uptake in muscle and fat tissues
3. Macular edema
   Hypoglycemia

Question 4

CANAGLIFLOZIN

1. Indications
2. MOA
3. SEs and contraindications
4. Other

Answer 4

1. Diabetes
2. Inhibits Na+/glucose co-transporter in kidneys to reduce the absorption of glucose
3. N/A

Question 5

LEVOTHYROXINE

1. Indications
2. MOA
3. SEs and contraindications
4. Other

Answer 5

1. Hypothyroidism
2. Synthetic t4 hormone
3. Hyperthyroidism
   IIH in children (pseudotumor cerebri)

Question 6

ESTROGEN

1. Indications
2. MOA
3. SEs and contraindications
4. Other

Answer 6

1. Oral contraceptives, hypogonadism, hypopituitarism, post-menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis

2.Estradiol-17

3. Dry eyes
   Optic neuritis
   Papilledema due to IIH
   Increase risk of venous blood clots

CI: >35yo F smokers