Respiratory Lab Flashcards
What happens to volume/pressure in thoracic cavity when ribs elevate and diaphragm depresses
Volume increases, pressure decreases
Barometric
Atmospheric
Atmospheric pressure normally
760 mm Hg
Pneumothorax
Air gets into pleural cavity, atmospheric equalization, lung collapses
What can cause pneumothorax
Puncture wounds, alveolar rupturing
Total volume
Air breathed in OR out in normal breathing (500mL)
Inspiratory reserve volume
Air breathed in OVER normal inhalation
Expiratory reserve volume
Air breathed out OVER normal exhalation
Residual volume
Air remaining in lungs after forced exhalation
Vital capacity
Amount of air you can inhale after forced exhalation
Inspiratory capacity
Max air inhaled after normal exhalation
Functional residual capacity
Amount of air remaining after normal exhalation
Total lung capacity
Sum of all 4 volumes
Formula for minute respiratory volume
Tidal volume • breathing rate
Restrictive diseases
Make it difficult to get air into lungs; restrict inspiration
Fibrosis
Restrictive disease; tissue btwn walls of alveoli is damaged
Sarcoidosis
Restrictive disease; Granulomas associated with clumping and inflammation
Macular diseases and chest wall deformities are examples of …
Restrictive diseases
Obstructive diseases
Make it more difficult to get air out of lungs; obstruct/restrict exhalation
What kind of disease is emphysema
Obstructive
Chronic bronchitis and Asthma are …
Obstructive diseases
Primary problem in obstructive diseases
Increased airway resistance
4 examples of things that can decrease airway radius and cause obstructive disease
Tumor, edema, excessive secretions, bronchospasm
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
3 COPD
Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis
Chronic bronchitis
Inflammation of bronchial walls
- decreased ciliated cells
- mucus gland hyper trophy
- increase in lymphocytes and leukocytes
Chronic airway obstruction can lead to?
Hyperinflation of lungs—> increased AP diameter
Emphysema
Bronchial enlargement, damage to alveoli, partial airway collapse, loss of elasticity in lungs characterized by difficulty exhaling.
Who are typical emphysema patients
Elderly, heavy smokers, city dwellers
What is emphysema characterized by
Trouble exhaling
What machine measures vital capacity
Spirometer
Determination of breathing rate
1 breath= 1 inhalation+ 1exhalation
In 3 trials count for 30 secs how many breaths you take. Average the 3 trials. Multiply by 2 to get breaths per min.
