Female Reproductive

Question 1

undifferentiated female sex cell and what it matures into, # of chromosomes, and where found

Answer 1

oogonia into primary oocyte, 46 chromosomes, in ovary

Question 2

what do you have after meiosis I

Answer 2

one secondary oocyte and one polar body

Question 3

what do you have after meiosis II

Answer 3

3 polar bodies and 1 mature OVUM

Question 4

what does a primary oocyte consist of and the name

Answer 4

primary oocyte + 1 layer of granulosa cells= primary follicle

Question 5

when is egg potential determined

Answer 5

at birth

Question 6

primary follicle

Answer 6

primary oocyte + 1 layer of granulosa cells

Question 7

before birth, what happens to primary oocytes

Answer 7

go into meiosis I but FREEZE before completing meiosis I

Question 8

when do primary oocytes complete meiosis I and start meiosis II

Answer 8

puberty

Question 9

2 phases of ovarian cycle and duration

Answer 9

follicular phase and luteal phase, 14 days each

Question 10

follicular phase

Answer 10

follicular growth, primary oocyte completes meiosis I and becomes secondary oocyte and begins meiosis II, follicular development

Question 11

day one of ovarian follicular phase marks…

Answer 11

day one of menstrual bleeding

Question 12

new outer cell layer in primary oocyte in follicular phase

Answer 12

thecal cells

Question 13

gel-like secretions from granulosa cells in follicular phase

Answer 13

zona pellucida around primary oocyte

Question 14

what happens to granulosa cells as oocyte grows in follicular phase

Answer 14

proliferation

Question 15

2 cells that produce estrogen and necessary for oogenesis to continue

Answer 15

granulosa cells and thecal cells

Question 16

antrum

Answer 16

forms in follicular phase of oogenesis ovarian cycle; fluid-filled, high estrogen levels from granulosa cells, becomes larger as cell continues through cycle

Question 17

4 structures after day one of menstrual bleeding

Answer 17

thecal and granulosa cells (estrogen), antrum, zone pellucida, primary oocyte

Question 18

when during oogenesis, follicular phase of ovarian cycle, does meiosis I get completed and begin meiosis II

Answer 18

day 13

Question 19

graafian follicle

Answer 19

one of developing follicles accelerates to form secondary oocyte in follicular phase; mature follicle

Question 20

cell at end of follicular phase and new structure

Answer 20

secondary oocyte, graafian (mature) follicle

Question 21

what happens after follicular phase (14 days)

Answer 21

ovulation

Question 22

what stimulates ovulation

Answer 22

increase in luetenizing hormone (LH) from anterior pituitary

Question 23

path of secondary oocyte (granulosa cells, antral fluid) in ovulation

Answer 23

abdominopelvic cavity –> ONE uterine tube, no structure connecting ovary and uterine tube

Question 24

what happens as result of ovulation if fertilized in uterine tube

Answer 24

meiosis II completed and forms MATURE OVUM

Question 25

corpus luteum and when it develops

Answer 25

LUTEAL PHASE; cells of ruptured follicle after ovulation that remain on the ovarian surface

Question 26

progesterone

Answer 26

a steroid hormone released by the corpus luteum that stimulates the uterus to prepare for pregnancy; some estrogens

Question 27

how long does ovulation last

Answer 27

day 14-day 19

Question 28

if theres no pregnancy after ovulation in luteal phase what happens

Answer 28

corpus luteum degenerates on day 24 forming corpus albicans

Question 29

corpus albicans

Answer 29

As the corpus luteum is being broken down by macrophages, fibroblasts lay down collagen forming corpus albicans

Question 30

what happens after ovulation in luteal phase if there is pregnancy

Answer 30

hCG prevents corpus luteum disintegration so it remains active THROUGH TERM

Question 31

hCG

Answer 31

human chorionic gonadotropin: prevents disintegration of corpus luteum in luteal phase if pregnant during ovulation

Question 32

what connects female reproductive organs attached inside body

Answer 32

suspensory ligament attached to pelvic wall/ovary

Question 33

3 layers of uteran wall

Answer 33

inside: endometrium
middle: myometrium
outer: perimetrium (serosa)

Question 34

all structures of uterine tube (fallopian tube)

Answer 34

ampulla, isthmus, infundibulum, fimbriae

Question 35

space between labia minora

Answer 35

vestibule

Question 36

perineum

Answer 36

urogenita triangle and anal triangle

Question 37

greater vestibular gland (Bartholin’s)

Answer 37

most secretions from cervical glans

Question 38

hormone from hypothalamus (follicular phase)

Answer 38

gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 39

hormones from anterior pituitary (follicular phase”)

Answer 39

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 40

FSH and LH do what

Answer 40

ovary follicular development in follicular phase, produce inhibin (LH) and estrogen (FSH)

Question 41

2 hormones from anterior pituitary in ovulation phase

Answer 41

Lh and FSH to ovary, mature follicle for ovulation in response to LH, estrogen level-FSH

Question 42

early hormone control in luteal phase

Answer 42

prep. for pregnancy: mod. levels of estrogen and progesterone (by CL) prevent neg. feedback mechanisms

Question 43

late hormone control in luteal phase

Answer 43

no pregnancy: HIGH estrogen and progesterone INHIBIT GnrH and LH secretion in brain (neg. feedback)

Question 44

result of late hormone control in luteal phase

Answer 44

low LH causes corpus luteum to degenerate

Question 45

pregnancy hormone control in luteal phase

Answer 45

high hCG to prevent CL breakdown