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Anatomy and Physiology II > Male reproductive > Flashcards

Male reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

where is sperm made?

A

seminiferous tubules

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2
Q

outer layer of testicles

A

tunica vaginalis

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3
Q

foreskin aka

A

prepuce

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4
Q

what does the epididymis do and where is it?

A

stores and matures sperm; sits on top of each teste

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5
Q

characteristics of seminiferous tubules

A

tight junction: blood gets in just keeps specific parts of immune system out, compartmentalized, mature sperm in center

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6
Q

as sperm mature in seminiferous tubules, where do they go?

A

toward the center (lumen)

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7
Q

layer below tunica vaginalis

A

tunica albuginea

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8
Q

what cells make testosterone?

A

interstitial Leydig cells (androgens) btwn seminiferous tubules

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9
Q

2 other names for sustentacular cells and where are they?

A

Sertoli or nurse cells in the seminiferous tubules

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10
Q

purpose of nurse cells

A

form tight junctions (blood-Testes barrier to protect from immune system), produce INHIBIN to inhibit sperm production, nourishment, produce androgen binding protein to keep small amount of testosterone available in Testes for maintaining spermatogenesis

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11
Q

what promotes testosterone secretion

A

Luteinizing hormone; tell leydig cells to make testosterone

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12
Q

optimal temp. for sperm

A

cooler than body temperature

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13
Q

how many bands of erectile tissue are they and their names

A

3: 2 cavernosa and 1 spongiosum

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14
Q

purpose of prostate gland

A

secretes bulk of fluid into sperm before it comes out

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15
Q

crus

A

area below pubic hair

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16
Q

flaccid

A

soft; arteries constricted, veins relaxed

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17
Q

what makes bulk of semen

A

seminal vesicles

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18
Q

prostate pH

A

acidic

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19
Q

spermatagonium

A

immature sperm cells before mitosis

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20
Q

mitosis

A

division into two spermatagonia

21
Q

meiosis I

A

the spermatagonia mature into primary spermatocytes and in meiosis I, these divide each forming two secondary spermatocytes

22
Q

meiosis II

A

the two (per side) spermatocytes divide into two spermatids each (4 on each side), these mature into sperm cells

23
Q

the head of a sperm cell contains…

A

nucleus and acrosome (enzymes for egg penetration)

24
Q

acrosomes

A

enzymes for egg penetration at the head of a sperm cell

25
Q

the mid piece of the sperm cell have…

A

many mitochondria

26
Q

tail of the sperm cells

A

flagellum microtubules

27
Q

when do testes develop and when do they decent

A

develop in the posterior wall of the abdomen of the fetus and decent after 8 months

28
Q

what guides the decent of the testes through the inguinal canal

A

the gubernaculum

29
Q

inguinal canal

A

passageway between scrotum and abdominal cavity; closes after testicular decent

30
Q

spermatic cord

A

bv, vas deferens, nerves, cremaster muscle travel within testes

31
Q

epididymis means

A

upon the twin

32
Q

the bulb and the crura attach..

A

to the pelvic floor

33
Q

3 accessory glands in male reproductive anatomy

A

prostate, seminal vesicle (paired), and bulbourethral (cowper’s gland- paired)

34
Q

three main functions of seminal vesicles

A

accessory gland makes bulk of semen; alkaline secretions to neutralize acidic vagina, initiate beating of sperm flagella

35
Q

what is a prostate gland (also position/pH)

A

accessory gland, slightly acidic, rounded (encircles prostatic urethra glandular tissue wrapped in smooth muscle)

36
Q

what and where are the bulbourethral glands/Cowper’s glands

A

accessory gland at base of penis, adjacent to penile urethra empties into urethra lumen

37
Q

to make sperm, inhibin, and testosterone what hormone does the hypothalamus release

A

Gn RH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone)

38
Q

where does Gn RH go after released from the hyothalamus

A

to the anterior pituitary

39
Q

to make inhibin and spermatogenesis what hormone does the anterior pituitary release and to where

A

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to the sertoli cells in the testes

40
Q

to make testosterone, what hormone does the pituitary release and to where

A

luteinizing hormone (LH) to the Leydig cells in the testes

41
Q

what does the prostate gland secrete

A

secrete acid phosphatase, secrete seminalplasmin

42
Q

seminalplasmin

A

prostate gland secretes this- antibiotic- protection against UTI

43
Q

pH of bulbourethral/Cowper’s glands

A

alkaline fluid to neutralize urinary acids in urethra

44
Q

what do bulbourethral/Cowper’s glands secrete and why

A

secretion of mucus for glans lubrication

45
Q

prostaglandins

A

seminal vesicles- smooth muscle contractions

46
Q

what controls seminal vesicles

A

sympathetic NS

47
Q

what do seminal vesicles cause in vagina

A

fibrinogen (temporary clot in vagina)

48
Q

what do seminal vesicles secrete

A

bulk of semen containing vitamin C, prostaglandins, fructose, etc.

Anatomy and Physiology II (13 decks)

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