Respiratory Infections Pathology

Question 1

bronchopneumonia looks how? who gets it?

Answer 1

patchy
multifocal
bilateral
lower lobes

elderly ppl

Question 2

lobar pneumonia looks how? who gets it?

Answer 2

healthy ppl

uniform, whole lobe

Question 3

lobular pneumonia looks how? which disease usually causes it?

Answer 3

confined to one part in one lobe

Legionnaire’s

Question 4

bronchiolitis obliterans is what?

Answer 4

scarring and fibrosis post bronchopneumonia

Question 5

4 complications of bacterial pneumonia?

Answer 5

abcess
adhesion
empyema
infarct

Question 6

viral or bacterial pneumonia more likely to cause lung infarct?

Answer 6

viral

Question 7

mycobacterial pneumonia: what is post-primary mean?

Answer 7

reactivation in dormant

fresh infection in sensitized person

Question 8

two kinds of post-primary TB?

Answer 8

TB bronchopneumonia

cavitation

Question 9

viral inclusion bodies in which pneumonias?

Answer 9

adenovirus

CMV

Question 10

allergic aspergillous vs. normal aspergillous difference?

Answer 10

allergic: proximal: architecture maintained
regular: distal: architecture distorted

Question 11

cryptococcus looks how in lung?

Answer 11

focal lesion with central necrosis

Question 12

upper respiratory tract infection

Answer 12

pharyngitis: group A strep, viruses
sinusitis: strep, haemophilus, fungi
otitis media: strep pneumo, haemophilus, maraxella catarhalis, SA
epiglottis: Haemophilus type B

Question 13

how to dx pertussis? treatment?

Answer 13

PCR (first 3 weeks)
serology

treat with macrolides
notifiable disease

Question 14

typical pneumonia cause?

Answer 14

strep pneumo
haemophilus
staph au

Question 15

atypical pneumonia organisms?

Answer 15

legionella
mycoplasma
chlamydophila pneumonia

Question 16

nosocomial pneumonia bugs?

Answer 16

gram -ves
e.coll
klebs
pseudomonas

Question 17

treatment recommended for community acquired pneumonia?

Answer 17

one narrow spectrum: penicillin

atypical cover: Doxycycline

Question 18

strep pneumo on microscopy looks?

Answer 18

diplococci

alpha-haemolytic

Question 19

common cause of rust coloured sputum?

Answer 19

strep pneumonia

Question 20

haemophilus influenza, who at risk? what does it cause?

Answer 20

infants

lobar pneumonia

Question 21

what makes you think of legionella pneumophila?

Answer 21

systemic features: renal/hepatic failure

water towers, immunocompromised ppl

Question 22

chlamydophila psittaci classical person? psitticosis?

Answer 22

bird owners cleaning out droppings

Question 23

mycoplasma pneumoniae infects where in cell? who gets it?

Answer 23

intracellularly

younger ppl get it (walking pneumonia)

Question 24

how to get best TB specimens?

Answer 24

3 early morning sputum specimens over 3 days

Question 25

pneumocystic jirovecii presents in who? and how?

Answer 25

• HIV ppl usually

- insidious onset on dyspnoea

Question 26

Nocardia in who? and what does it cause?

Answer 26

usu. in immunosuppressed
- brain abcesses, skin manifestations

• cavitating
• gram +ve branching bacilli

Question 27

definition of pneumonia

Answer 27

inflammatory exudate within alveoli causing consolidation