Glomerular Disease Flashcards
how much protein should be in urine normally?
how to test for protein in urine?
24 hour urine collection usually
spot protein-creatinine ratio
dipstick
how much RBCs should be in urine?
zero
blood in urine can look like 1 of 2 ways? where is it from?
dismorphic: glomerular
normal: non-glomerular
3 ways to looks at a renal biopsy?
light (H&E)
EM
Immunohistochem.immunofluoroscopy
glomeruli are affected in one of 4 ways geographically:
diffuse vs. focal (# of glomeruli in kidney as whole)
global vs segmental (of individual glomeruli)
5 symptoms of nephrotic syndrome?
proteinuria oedema decreased albumin increase lipids increased coagulation
4 symptoms of nephritic syndrome
haematuria
hypertension
incerased creatinine
oedema
2 main diseases what cause haematuria?
IgA nephropathy: most common
Post-infectious glomerulonephritis (immune complexes)
treatment for IgA nephropathy?
BP control
3 main conditions that cause proteinuria?
membranous
minimal change disease
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
who gets membranous nephropathy? rule of 1/3s?
adults:
1/3 spontaneous recover
1/3 partial remit
1/3 progressive to ESKD
how to treat membranous nephropathy?
steroids, cyclophosphamide/cyclosporin
who gets minimal change disease? how to treat?
kids
treat with steroids
2 common causes of secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis?
HIV and obesity
what happens in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis??
progressive scarring of glomerulous to ESKD
who gets focal segmental glomerulosclerosis??
younger ppl in 20s
what condition has both proteinuria and haematuria?
membrano-proliferative
membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis is linked to what diseases?
Hep B, C
3 systemic causes of glomerulonephritis?
Lupus
Diabetes
Amyloidosis
2 important not to be missed rapidly progressive glomerulonephritises?
Wegner’s
Goodpasture’s
3 classes of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritises?
ANCA
Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane disease (collagen type 4)
Immune complexes
Wegner’s is what ANCA?
cANCA (cytoplasmic)
Goodpasture’s affects what?
kidneys and lungs with anti-basement membrane antbodies
what disease of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritises caused by immune complexes?
lupus
important side effects of cyclophosphamide?
infertility infections TCC nausea hair loss
4 things that glomerulonephritis associated with?
proteinuria
haematuria
hypertension
impaired renal function (increase creatinine)
