GastroOesophageal Pathology Flashcards
normal oesophagus epithelium cells are?
stratified squamous
normal stomach cell types?
glandular epithelium
causes of haematemesis?
gastric ulcer oesophagus varices erosive gastritis mallory weiss upper GIT tumour duodenal ulcer
causes of obstructive dysphagia?
luminal
mural
extramural
3 most important cancers of oesophagus?
squamous cell carcinoma (common)
adenocarcinoma (common)
SCC (rare)
2 most important tumours of stomach
adenocarcinoma
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours
oesophagus SCC risk factors, 2 major?
smoking
ETOH
dietary
NaOH: structures
Fe deficiency
oesophagus SCC, why is high cell turn over bad?
more chance of errors in replication»_space; SCC
adenocarcinoma of oesophagus precursors? and progression?
chronic GORD Barrett's dysplasia adenocarcinoma in situ invasive adenocarcinoma
what does reflux oesophagitis do to the oesophageal spincter?
decreased tone,
ETOH, caffeine, preg, meds
progression of adenocarcinoma of oesophagus?
normal barrett's low grade dyplasia high grade dysplais invasive carcinoma
who gets eosinophilic oesophagitis? cause? treatment?
young people with a history of allergy
looks like trachea
caused by food allergens
Rx with steroids
full Mallory-Weiss tear into mediastinum called?
Boarhaves
causes of achalasia?
amyloidosis
infections
diabetes
what does scleroderma do to oesophagus?
fibrosis of wall, submucosa
common tumour of stomach?
adenocarcinoma
most important cause of gastric cancer?
chronic helicobacter gastritis
gastric carcinoma 2 types
intestinal - progression from helicobacter
diffuse
diffuse type gastric carcinoma prognosis? and what is classic cell type?
poor prognosis
signet ring cell carcinoma (not adhesive)
what is linitis plastica?
type of diffuse type gastric carcinoma, causing gastroparesis, ‘bottle’ stomach
what are low grade MALTomas?
indolent B cell lymphomas
MALTomas is found where?
localised to stomach for a long time
how to treat MALTomas?
can respond to anti helicobactor pylori treatment alone!
MALTomas left untreated?
progress to high grade lymphomas (diffuse large B-cell)
what are Gastrointestinal stromal tumours?
primary tumours of stomach
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours arrive from?
pacemaker cells of the gut (interstitial cells of Cajal)
enteric nervous system found in which layer?
submuscosa
mesenchymal tumour
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours treatment?
Imatinib to block c-kit (cell membrane bound tyrosine kinase)
predictor of Gastrointestinal stromal tumours?
larger size is more malignant
causes of gastritis?
helicobacter
chemical irritant
autoimmune
lymphocytic
why does helicobacter cause duodenal ulcers?
H, pylori causes increased acid secretion and can erode the duodenum
benign gastric ulcers vs. adenocarcinoma looks
pit-like
vs. volcano-like
layers of oesophagus?
epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosa
serosa
