Hepatitis, Endo, Rheum Randoms Flashcards
What are DAAs? for what?
Direct Acting Antivirals for Hep C.
Simeprevir
Sobosbuvir
what is a Fibroscan?
type of scan for grading hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis
why do Africans with Hep B at increased risk of Hepatocellular carcinoma?
possible past exposure with Aflotoxin from aspergillus contamination of grains which increases Hep B severity
what is trajenta?
metformin + DPP4 inhibitor
what is a -gliptin?
DPP4 inhibitors
what is Reandron?
androgen replacement IV injections 3/12
2 kinds of diabetes insipidus?
Central DI
Nephrogenic DI
cause of Nephrogenic DI?
lithium
how does sarcoidosis affect hormones?
through affecting the pituitary
what is replacement ADH called?
Desmopressin
How does lithium affect the thyroid?
inhibits thyroid hormone release, can cause goiter
what does CREST syndrome stand for?
Calcinosis Raynauds' Esophageal Sclerodactylly Telengalectasia
What things are positive in Hep B chronic infection?
HBsAg
Anti-HBc
What is negative in chronic HBV infection?
No Anti-BHs
what is positive in Acute HBV infection?
what is negative?
HBsAg
Anti-HBc
IgM anti-HBc
negative anti-HBs
what is difference with HBV infection and immune vs. HBV immunization
Prev. Infection: +anti-HBc and anti-HBs, no HBsAg
Immunisation: +anti-HBs, and negative for HBsAg, and anti-HBsAg
Main two Hep B Antivirals used?
Tenofovir
Entecavir
where does uric acid come from?
breakdown of purines
allopurinol inhibits which enzyme?
xanthine oxidase
danger of allopurinol?
hypersensitivity in east asians, check HLA
what should normal urate level be?
why do humans get gout?
lost the gene for uricase that breaks down uric acid into allopantin
standard treatments for gout?
NSAIDS
allopurinol
colchicine
aspirate to confirm
describe pseudogout crsytals:
positively birefringent rhomboids
describe gout crystals
positive birefringent needle crystals
what is Familial MEditerannean disease?
hereditary inflammatory disorder in the MEFV gene: pyrin
treated with colchicine
