Respiratory infections Flashcards
What is rhinitis?
Inflammation of inside of nose
Very common
Self limiting, but prodrome to other illnesses- pneumonia, meningitis, septicaemia
What is otitis media?
Middle ear infection
Common, self limiting
What ar the features of otitis media?
Erythema
Bulging drum
Pain
What is the treatment of otitis media?
Analgesia
Antibiotics if under 2 and bilateral
What are the causes of tonsillitis?
Viral
Bacterial
What is the treatment of tonsillitis?
Viral- analgesia
Bacterial- 10 days penicillin
What is croup?
Viral infection of URT
Common, welk child
What are he features of croup?
Coryza
Stridor
Hoarse voice
Barking cough
What is the treatment of croup?
Oral dexamethasone
What is epiglottitis?
Infection of epiglottis
Rare and toxic
What are the features of epiglottitis?
Stridor
Drooling
What is the treatment of epiglottitis?
Intubation and antibiotics
What are the common causes of LRTI?
Bacterial overgrowth
Viral
What are the common bacteria causing LRTI?
Strep pneumonia H. influenzae Moraxella catarrhalis M. pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniae
What are the common viral causes of LRTI?
RSV Parainfluenza III Influenza A and B Adenovirus Rhinovirus
What are the principles of management of LRTI?
Oxygenation, hydration and nutrition first
Then think about antibiotics
What is bronchitis?
Infection of bronchi
Very common
Most self limiting
What are the features of bronchitis?
Loose, rattly cough
Chest free of wheeze or crept
Bringing up mucus
What are the red flags in bronchitis?
<6 months or over 4 Static weight Disrupting child's life Associated SOB Acute admission Other co-morbidities
What is the management if bronchitis?
Monitor and make diagnosis
No antibiotics
What is bronchiolitis?
Infection
Affects 30-40% children
What are the cause of bronchiolitis?
Usually RSV
Sometimes paraflu III, HMPV
What are the features of bronchiolitis?
Nasa stuffiness
Tachypnoea
Poor feeding
Crackles +/- wheeze
What is the treatment of bronchiolitis?
Monitor- oxygensats and nasopharyngeal aspirate
