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Paeds AM > Respiratory infections > Flashcards

Respiratory infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is rhinitis?

A

Inflammation of inside of nose
Very common
Self limiting, but prodrome to other illnesses- pneumonia, meningitis, septicaemia

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2
Q

What is otitis media?

A

Middle ear infection

Common, self limiting

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3
Q

What ar the features of otitis media?

A

Erythema
Bulging drum
Pain

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4
Q

What is the treatment of otitis media?

A

Analgesia

Antibiotics if under 2 and bilateral

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5
Q

What are the causes of tonsillitis?

A

Viral

Bacterial

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6
Q

What is the treatment of tonsillitis?

A

Viral- analgesia

Bacterial- 10 days penicillin

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7
Q

What is croup?

A

Viral infection of URT

Common, welk child

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8
Q

What are he features of croup?

A

Coryza
Stridor
Hoarse voice
Barking cough

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9
Q

What is the treatment of croup?

A

Oral dexamethasone

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10
Q

What is epiglottitis?

A

Infection of epiglottis

Rare and toxic

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11
Q

What are the features of epiglottitis?

A

Stridor

Drooling

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12
Q

What is the treatment of epiglottitis?

A

Intubation and antibiotics

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13
Q

What are the common causes of LRTI?

A

Bacterial overgrowth

Viral

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14
Q

What are the common bacteria causing LRTI?

A 
Strep pneumonia
H. influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
M. pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae
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15
Q

What are the common viral causes of LRTI?

A 
RSV
Parainfluenza III
Influenza A and B
Adenovirus
Rhinovirus
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16
Q

What are the principles of management of LRTI?

A

Oxygenation, hydration and nutrition first

Then think about antibiotics

17
Q

What is bronchitis?

A

Infection of bronchi
Very common
Most self limiting

18
Q

What are the features of bronchitis?

A

Loose, rattly cough
Chest free of wheeze or crept
Bringing up mucus

19
Q

What are the red flags in bronchitis?

A 
<6 months or over 4
Static weight
Disrupting child's life
Associated SOB
Acute admission
Other co-morbidities
20
Q

What is the management if bronchitis?

A

Monitor and make diagnosis

No antibiotics

21
Q

What is bronchiolitis?

A

Infection

Affects 30-40% children

22
Q

What are the cause of bronchiolitis?

A

Usually RSV

Sometimes paraflu III, HMPV

23
Q

What are the features of bronchiolitis?

A

Nasa stuffiness
Tachypnoea
Poor feeding
Crackles +/- wheeze

24
Q

What is the treatment of bronchiolitis?

A

Monitor- oxygensats and nasopharyngeal aspirate

25
Q

What are the features of pneumonia?

A

48 hours cough, fever and increasing SOB

26
Q

What are the features of LRTI?

A 
Fever >38.5
SOB
Cough
Grunting
Wheeze, esp in viral
Reduced or bronchial breath sounds
27
Q

What are the causes of LRTI?

A

Virus and commensal bacteria

28
Q

What is the investigation of LRTI?

A

Review

Not coutine- CXR and bloods

29
Q

What is the management of LRTI/pneumonia?

A

Mild= observe and review
1st line= oral amoxicillin
2nd= oral macrolide
IV if vomiting

Paeds AM (19 decks)

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