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Paeds AM > Common postnatal problems > Flashcards

Common postnatal problems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of problem of skin?

A

Colour
Rashes
Birthmarks

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2
Q

What is the common colour change in babies?

A

Jaundice

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3
Q

When is jaundice pathological?

A

Always in 1st 24 hours

>2 weeks, investigate

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4
Q

What are the causes of jaundice in the 1st 24 hours?

A

Haemolysis

Congenital infection

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5
Q

What are the causes of jaundice from 2 days to 3 weeks?

A 
Physiological- gone after 1 week normally
Breast milk
Sepsis
Polycythaemia
Cephalohaematoma
Haemolysis
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6
Q

What are the causes of jaundice from 3 weeks on?

A

Can be breast milk
Hypothyroid
Pyloric stenosis
Cholestasis

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7
Q

What is the problem of high bilirubin?

A

Can lead to kernicterus

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8
Q

What is the management of jaundice?

A 
Hydration
Blue light
Treat underlying cause
Exchange transfusion
Igs
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9
Q

What is and causes plethora?

A

Red baby

Polycythaemia

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10
Q

What could cause central jaundice?

A

Congenital heart defects

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11
Q

What us erythema toxicum?

A

Maculopapular rash, common in term infants

Fades in about a week, no treatment required

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12
Q

What types of birth marks are common?

A 
Capillary haemangiomas
Mongolian blue spots
Port wine stains
Stork marks
Giant melancytic nave
Cafe au lait spots
Strawberry mark
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13
Q

What are Mongolian blue spots?

A

Blue-grey pigmentations often of lower back and buttocks

Caused by accumulation of melanocytes, often in races with pigmented skin

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14
Q

What are stork marks?

A

Flat, pink lesions
Present at birth
Normally on forehead, eyelids, back of neck
Gradually fades

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15
Q

What are the risk factors for hypoglycaemia?

A

Premature
Perinatal stress
Hyperinsulinaemia
Increased glucose utilisation- large, small, hypothermia, sepsis

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of hypoglycaemia in neonates?

A 
Jittery
Temperature instability
Lethargy, hypotonia, vomiting
High pitched, weak cry
Seizures
17
Q

What are the risk factors for hypothermia?

A

Low birthweight
Prolonged resus
Heat loss factors

18
Q

What are tongue ties?

A

Short +/- thickened frenulum attached anteriorly to base of tongue

19
Q

What is the management of tongue ties?

A

Normally none
Frenotomy if
-restriction of tongue protrusion, heavy grooving of tip of tongue, feeding affected

20
Q

What is the most common reason for NNU admission?

A

Resp distress

21
Q

What should be evaluated on res distress?

A

RR
Effort- grunting, retractions, nasal flaring
Colour
Oxygen sats

22
Q

What oxygen sat would suggest a cardiac issue?

A

Not 100% sats on 100% O2

23
Q

What is cleft palate?

A

Maxillary and medial nasal processes fail to merge usually around 5 weeks
Can be uni or bilateral, usually left uni
70% also have cleft palate

24
Q

What problems can cleft lip cause?

A

Resp
Feeding
Associated anomalies

25
Q

Why are red reflexes checked?

A

Cataracts

Retinoblastoma

26
Q

What can spinal dimples be a sign of?

A

Normally nothing
Spina bifida- esp if tuft or hair or can’t see bottom
Kidney problems

27
Q

The should spinal dimples be investigated?

A 
Off centre
Large, red
Higher up
Pigmented
Tender
Accompanied by fluid
28
Q

What are cephalohaematomas?

A

Localised soft translucent swelling over one or both sides of head reaching max size at 3-4 days of life

29
Q

What are the complications of cephalohaematomas?

A

If v large, can cause jaundice when they break down

No association w intracranial bleed

30
Q

What is caput?

A

Only shaped head from being pushed through birth canal

Normally resolves in a few days

31
Q

How can physiological and pathological talipes be differentiated?

A

Physiological can normally straighten by moving

Paeds AM (19 decks)

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