Paediatric urology Flashcards
What are inguinal hernias?
Herniation of bowel and/or ovary through defective inguinal canal
Who are inguinal hernias seen in?
Boys > girls
V common in premature
Wha are the features of an inguinal hernia?
Groin swelling
What is the management of an inguinal hernia?
<1 year= urgent referral and repair
>1 year= elective referral and repair
Incarcerated= reduce and repair on same admission
What is a hydrocele?
Swelling of testis causing by accumulation of fluid
What are the features of a hydrocele?
Scrotal swelling- bluish colour
Painless
Increases size with crying, straining or in evening
What is the management of a hydrocele?
Conservative until 5 years
What is cryptorchidism?
Undescended testes
What are the types of cryptorchidism?
True
Retractile- normal
Ectopic
Ascending
What is ascending cryptorchidism?
Testes in normal place at birth but don’t keep up with growth so get pulled up into groin
What is the management of cryptorchidism?
Orchidopexy
What are the indications for orchidopexy?
Fertility Malignancy Trauma Torsion Cosmetic
What are the indications for circumcision?
Absolute- balanitis xerotica obliteratans BXO
Relative- religion, UTI, balanoprosthitis
What are the suggested advantages of circumcision?
UTI
Malignancy
Sexual enhancement
AIDS/STI
What are the disadvantages of circumcision?
Painful
COmplications
What is acute scrotum?
Acute testicular pain and swelling
What is the differential for acute scrotum dependent on?
Age
History
What is the most common cause of acute scrotum in neonates?
Testicular torsion
What is the most common cause of acute scrotum in infants-15 years?
Torsion appendix testes
What is the most common cause of acute scrotum in teenagers?
Testicular torsion
Who is epididimytis seen in?
Neonates or teens
What is the treatment of acute scrotum?
Urgent surgery for testicular torsion
If in doubt, operate
What are the features if a UTI?
Pure growth bacteria >10^5 and pyuria
Systemic upset
When should UTIs be investigated?
Baby
Atypical bacteria
Recurrent
