Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paeds AM > Kidney and renal tract problems > Flashcards

Kidney and renal tract problems Flashcards

1
Q

What is AKI?

A

Abrupt loss of kidney function, resulting in retention of urea and other nitrogenous waste products and in dysregulation of extracellular volume and electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the types of causes of AKI?

A

Pre-renal
Perfusion
Intrinsic
Post renal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the intrinsic causes of AKI?

A 
Glomerular disease
--haemolytic uraemia syndrome. 
--GN
Tubular injury
--acute tubular necrosis
Interstitial nephritis- 
--NSAID
--autoimmune
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the post renal cause of AKI?

A

Obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the features of AKI?

A

Anuria/oliguria <0.5ml/kg/hr for >8 hours
Hypertension with fluid overload
Rapid rise in plasma creatinine >1/5x age reference or known baseline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the warning score in AKI?

A 
1= 1.5-2x reference level
2= 2-3x reference level
3= >3x reference level
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the management of AKI?

A

Prevention
Monitor- urine output, PEWs, BP, weight
Hydratin
Minimise drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is haemolytic uraemia syndrome?

A

Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
Thrombocytopenia
AKI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When does haemolytic uraemia syndrome usually occur?

A

Following verotixin producing E. coli infection

Can be pneumococcal, drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the management of haemolytic uraemia syndrome?

A

Monitor kidney functions
Maintain- fluids, renal replacement therapy if necessary
Minimise drugs- no antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the long term consequences of haemolytic uraemia syndrome?

A

Hypertension
Proteinuria
Evolution to CKD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the common UTI causative organisms in kids?

A

E. coli 85%

Klebsiella, proteus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the presentation of UTIs in neonates?

A

Fever
Vomiting
Lethargy
Irritability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the presentation of UTI in preverbal children?

A

Fever, vomiting, poor feeding, lethargy

Abdo/loin pain and tenderness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the presentation of UTI in verbal children?

A

Frequency, dysuria
Abdo/lin pain/tenderness
Fever, malaise, vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What investigations are done for UTI?

A

Dipstick
Microscopy- pyuria >10
Urine culture

17
Q

When should UTIs be further investigated?

A

<6 months
Septic presentation
Recurrent
Upper tract symptoms

18
Q

What further investigations can be done for UTI?

A

US
DMSA- for scarring and function
Micturating cystourethrogram- dynamic

19
Q

What is the treatment of lower tract UTIs?

A

3 days oral antibiotic

>3 months, trimethoprim

20
Q

What is the treatment of upper tract UTIs?

A

7-10 days antibiotics
Oral- >3 months= trimethoprim, co-amoxiclav or cephalosporin
IV= cephalosporin or co-amoxiclav

21
Q

What is the prevention of UTIs?

A

Correct voiding dysfunction

Fluids, hygiene, avoid constipation

22
Q

What is the grading of vesicoureteric reflux?

A 
1= ureter
2= ureter, pelvis, calyces
3= dilation of ureter
4= Pelvic dilatation, tortuous ureter, obliteration of fornices
5= gross dilatation and tortuosity
23
Q

What are the causes of CKD?

A

Congenital- reflux nephropathy, dysplasia, syndromes
Hereditary- cystic kidney disease
Glomerulonephritis

24
Q

What is the normal GFR?

A

90-120

25
Q

What are the stages of CKD re GFR?

A 
2= 60-89
3= 30-59
4= 15-29
5= end stage renal disease
26
Q

AT what GFR does CKD normally becomes symptomatic?

A

60

27
Q

What factors affect progression of CKD?

A

Late referral
Hypertension
Proteinuria
Recurrent UTIs

28
Q

What is the management of CKD?

A

Low K and phosphate diet

Avoid hypercalcaemia

29
Q

Wha are the causes of cystic renal disease?

A

Developmental
Genetic
Acquired

30
Q

What are the congenital causes of developmental cystic renal disease?

A

Dysplasia

Multicystic dysplastic

31
Q

What is multi cystic dysplastic kidney?

A

Sporadic
Ureteric atresia and non functioning kidney
Hypertrophy of contracleteral kidney

32
Q

What does autosomal recessive renal cystic disease cause problems with?

A

Renal collecting ducts

33
Q

What are the features of autosomal recessive cystic renal disease?

A

Antenatally large bright kidneys
Oligohydramnios
Severe resp distress
Severe- decreased amniotic fluid, pulmonary hypoplasia, foetal compression, bilateral renal genesis, polycystic kidney disease

34
Q

What does autosomal dominant cystic renal disease cause?

A

Damage to all nephron segments, liver, pancreatitis, brain

Severe hypertension

35
Q

What causes syndromic cystic renal disease?

A

Juvenile familial neohronophthisis- tubular cysts, polyuria, normotensive

36
Q

What causes acquired renal cystic disease?

A

Cancer

Paeds AM (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions