Children with special needs Flashcards
What are the domains of development?
Motor Language Cognitive Social EMotional
What is a developmental delay?
Functional aspects of the child’s development in one or more domains are significantly delayed compared to the expected level for the age
What is a global developmental delay?
2 or more domains affected
What is a learning disability?
Significant impairment in intellectual functioning and affects person’s ability to learn and solve problems in daily life
What are additional support needs?
Requires additional support in education due to
- difficulties with mainstream education
- Disability or health needs
- family circumstances
How is development assessed?
History and exam Prenatal, perinatal and postnatal events Developmental milestones Red book Environmental, social and FH Video recordings Observation
What assessments are done in primary care?
Ages and stages questionnaire ASQ
Parents evaluation of developmental status PEDS
checklist for autism in toddlers M CHAT
Schedule of growing skills SOGS-2
What is examined when assessing children with developmental delay?
Head circumference Features SKin abnormalities Movement quality Ability to sit and stand from supine Eye movements and eye exam General and abdo Observation of behaviour
What are the features of a child with Williams syndrome?
Broad forehead
Flat nasal bridge
Long filtrum
Full lips and wide mouth
What investigations are done when assessing children with developmental delay?
Genetic testing Creatinine kinase Thyroid screen Metabolic testing Ophthalmology Audiology Consider infection Neuroimaging
What are red flats in developmental delay?
Loss of developmental skills Floppiness No speech by 18-24 months Assymetry of movement Persistent toe walking Head circumference >99.6th or <0.4th centile Cannot sit unsupported by 12 months Cannot walk by 18 months Cannot run by 2.5 years Cannot hold objects in hand by 5 months Cannot reach for objects by 6 months Cannot point to object to share interest by 2 years
What is done to assess a child who is not walking by 18 months?
Creatinine kinase for muscular dystrophy
What are the common problems causing motor issues?
Delayed maturation
Cerebral palsy
Developmental coordination disorder
What are the common problems causing language issues?
Specific language impairment
Learning disability
What are the common problems causing sensory issues?
Deafness
Visual impairment
Multisensory impairment
