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Paeds AM > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is eczema?

A

Itchy dry inflammatory skin disease

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2
Q

What are flares of eczema in childhood associated wth?

A 
Infection/vital illness
Central heating, cold hair
Pets
Teething
Stress
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3
Q

What are the endogenous types of eczema?

A 
Atopic
Seborrhoeic
Discoid
Pomphylx
Varicose
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4
Q

What causes atopic eczema?

A

Genetic and immune mediated barrier dysfunction

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5
Q

What is atopy?

A

Tendency to eczema, asthma and hayfever

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6
Q

What is the pathology of atopic eczema?

A

Abnormality in flaggrin expression- flaggrin proteins bind keratin filaments together
Loss of water, irritant and allergens can penetrate

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7
Q

What is the presentation of atopic eczema in infancy?

A

Typically starts on face and neck, cheek most common

Can spread ore generally

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8
Q

What is th presentation of atopic eczema in older children?

A

Flexural pattern predominates

Facial eczema can recur

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9
Q

What is the presentation of seborrhoeic eczema?

A

Mainly face and scalp, scaly appearance

In babies under 3 months, usually resolves by 12 months

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10
Q

What is seborrhoeic eczema associated with?

A

Proliferation of various species of skin commensals in yeast form

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11
Q

What is the treatment of seborrhoeic eczema?

A

Emollients
Antifungal creams and shampoos
Mild topical steroids

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12
Q

What is the presentation of discoid eczema?

A

Scattered annular/circular patches of itchy eczema

Can occur in pattern as a part of atopic eczema or separate entity

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13
Q

Who is pomphylx eczema seen in?

A

Young females

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14
Q

What is the presentation pf pomphylx eczema?

A

Vesicles affecting palms and or soles

Can be intensely itchy

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15
Q

What is varicose eczema?

A

Dry, inflamed possibly ulcerated skin caused by venous insufficiency

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16
Q

What is the treatment of varicose eczema?

A

Emollients
Topical steroids
Compression stockings

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17
Q

What are the exogenous causes of eczema?

A

Allergic

Irritant

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18
Q

What is allergic eczema?

A

Sensitisation to allergen causes eczema

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19
Q

What are the most common allergies?

A 
Milk/dairy
Soy
Peanuts
Eggs
Wheat
Fish
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20
Q

What causes irritant eczema?

A

Repeated contact with irritant

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21
Q

What is the treatment of eczema?

A 
Emollients
Topical steroids
Calcineurin inhibitor
UVB light therapy
Immunosuppression
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22
Q

What are the possible side effects of topical steroids?

A

Skin thinning with prolonged use

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23
Q

What are the types of topical steroids?

A

Very potent= dermovate
Potent= betnovate
Moderate= eumovate
Mild= hydrocortisone

24
Q

What are the common dermatological infections in children?

A 
Impetigo
Molluscum contagiosum
Viral warts
Viral examthans
Chicken pox
Parovirus
Hand, foot and mouth
25
What is impetigo?
Superficial bacterial skin infection
26
What is the causative organism of impetigo?
Often staph aureus
27
What is the appearance of impetigo?
Pustules and honey coloured crusted lesions
28
What s the treatment of impetigo?
Topica antibacterial | Oral antibiotic
29
What is molluscs contagiosum?
Common meaning self limiting infection caused by molluscipox virus
30
What is the appearance of molluscs contagiosum?
Pearly papule | Umbilicated centre
31
What causes viral warts?
Often HPV
32
What is transmission of viral warts via?
Direct skin contact
33
What is the treatment of viral warts?
Cryotheray | Topical paints- e.g. salicylic acid
34
What causes viral exanthems?
reaction to toxin produced by organism, damage to skin by organism or immune response
35
What ar the features of viral exanthems?
Fever Malaise ehadache Associated viral illness
36
What causes the chicken pox?
Varicella zoster
37
What is the chicken pox?
Highly contagious disease caused by primary infection of varicella zoster
38
What are the features of the chicken pox?
``` red papules progressing to vesicles Often starting on trunk Itchy Associated viral symptoms Contagious until crusted over ```
39
What is parovirus?
Slap check Erythematous rash on cheeks initially Lace like network rash on trunk and limbs
40
What does parovirus target?
Bone marrow
41
What is the risk in parovirus?
Risk to pregnant women
42
What causes hand, foot and mouth?
Enterovirus
43
What are the features of hand, foot and mouth?
Blisters on hands, feet and in mouth Viral symptoms Self limiting
44
What are the derm manifestations of systemic diseases seen in children?
Orofacial granulomatosis Erythema nodosum Dermatitis herpetiformis Urticaria
45
What causes orofacial granulomatosis?
Crohn's
46
What are the features of orofacial granulomatosis?
Lip swelling and fissuring | Oral mucosal lesions- ulcers and tags, cobblestone appearance
47
What ar the clinical features of erythema nodosum?
Painful, erythematous subcutaneous nodules Over shins- sometimes other sites Slow resolution- 6-8 weeks
48
What causes erythema nodosum?
``` Infections- strep, URT IBD Sarcoidosis Drugs Myocbacterial infections Idiopathic ```
49
What is dermatitis herpetiformis?
Persistent immunobollous disease linked to coeliac
50
What are the clinical features of dermatitis herpetiformis?
Itchy blisters, often symmetry | Scalp, shoulders, buttocks, elbows, knees
51
What is the treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis?
Emollients GF diet Topical steroids Dapsone
52
What is urticaria associated with?
Angioedema
53
What ar the causes or urticaria?
``` Viral or bacterial infection Allergy NSAIDs, opiates Vaccines Chronic= idiopathic ```
54
What is the appearance of urticaria?
Wheals, hives
55
What is the treatment of urticaria?
Consider triggers and withdraw | Antihistamines 3x daily

Paeds AM (19 decks)

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