Dermatology

Question 1

What is eczema?

Answer 1

Itchy dry inflammatory skin disease

Question 2

What are flares of eczema in childhood associated wth?

Answer 2

Infection/vital illness
Central heating, cold hair
Pets
Teething
Stress

Question 3

What are the endogenous types of eczema?

Answer 3

Atopic
Seborrhoeic
Discoid
Pomphylx
Varicose

Question 4

What causes atopic eczema?

Answer 4

Genetic and immune mediated barrier dysfunction

Question 5

What is atopy?

Answer 5

Tendency to eczema, asthma and hayfever

Question 6

What is the pathology of atopic eczema?

Answer 6

Abnormality in flaggrin expression- flaggrin proteins bind keratin filaments together
Loss of water, irritant and allergens can penetrate

Question 7

What is the presentation of atopic eczema in infancy?

Answer 7

Typically starts on face and neck, cheek most common

Can spread ore generally

Question 8

What is th presentation of atopic eczema in older children?

Answer 8

Flexural pattern predominates

Facial eczema can recur

Question 9

What is the presentation of seborrhoeic eczema?

Answer 9

Mainly face and scalp, scaly appearance

In babies under 3 months, usually resolves by 12 months

Question 10

What is seborrhoeic eczema associated with?

Answer 10

Proliferation of various species of skin commensals in yeast form

Question 11

What is the treatment of seborrhoeic eczema?

Answer 11

Emollients
Antifungal creams and shampoos
Mild topical steroids

Question 12

What is the presentation of discoid eczema?

Answer 12

Scattered annular/circular patches of itchy eczema

Can occur in pattern as a part of atopic eczema or separate entity

Question 13

Who is pomphylx eczema seen in?

Answer 13

Young females

Question 14

What is the presentation pf pomphylx eczema?

Answer 14

Vesicles affecting palms and or soles

Can be intensely itchy

Question 15

What is varicose eczema?

Answer 15

Dry, inflamed possibly ulcerated skin caused by venous insufficiency

Question 16

What is the treatment of varicose eczema?

Answer 16

Emollients
Topical steroids
Compression stockings

Question 17

What are the exogenous causes of eczema?

Answer 17

Allergic

Irritant

Question 18

What is allergic eczema?

Answer 18

Sensitisation to allergen causes eczema

Question 19

What are the most common allergies?

Answer 19

Milk/dairy
Soy
Peanuts
Eggs
Wheat
Fish

Question 20

What causes irritant eczema?

Answer 20

Repeated contact with irritant

Question 21

What is the treatment of eczema?

Answer 21

Emollients
Topical steroids
Calcineurin inhibitor
UVB light therapy
Immunosuppression

Question 22

What are the possible side effects of topical steroids?

Answer 22

Skin thinning with prolonged use

Question 23

What are the types of topical steroids?

Answer 23

Very potent= dermovate
Potent= betnovate
Moderate= eumovate
Mild= hydrocortisone

Question 24

What are the common dermatological infections in children?

Answer 24

Impetigo
Molluscum contagiosum
Viral warts
Viral examthans
Chicken pox
Parovirus
Hand, foot and mouth

Question 25

What is impetigo?

Answer 25

Superficial bacterial skin infection

Question 26

What is the causative organism of impetigo?

Answer 26

Often staph aureus

Question 27

What is the appearance of impetigo?

Answer 27

Pustules and honey coloured crusted lesions

Question 28

What s the treatment of impetigo?

Answer 28

Topica antibacterial | Oral antibiotic

Question 29

What is molluscs contagiosum?

Answer 29

Common meaning self limiting infection caused by molluscipox virus

Question 30

What is the appearance of molluscs contagiosum?

Answer 30

Pearly papule | Umbilicated centre

Question 31

What causes viral warts?

Answer 31

Often HPV

Question 32

What is transmission of viral warts via?

Answer 32

Direct skin contact

Question 33

What is the treatment of viral warts?

Answer 33

Cryotheray | Topical paints- e.g. salicylic acid

Question 34

What causes viral exanthems?

Answer 34

reaction to toxin produced by organism, damage to skin by organism or immune response

Question 35

What ar the features of viral exanthems?

Answer 35

Fever Malaise ehadache Associated viral illness

Question 36

What causes the chicken pox?

Answer 36

Varicella zoster

Question 37

What is the chicken pox?

Answer 37

Highly contagious disease caused by primary infection of varicella zoster

Question 38

What are the features of the chicken pox?

Answer 38

``` red papules progressing to vesicles Often starting on trunk Itchy Associated viral symptoms Contagious until crusted over ```

Question 39

What is parovirus?

Answer 39

Slap check Erythematous rash on cheeks initially Lace like network rash on trunk and limbs

Question 40

What does parovirus target?

Answer 40

Bone marrow

Question 41

What is the risk in parovirus?

Answer 41

Risk to pregnant women

Question 42

What causes hand, foot and mouth?

Answer 42

Enterovirus

Question 43

What are the features of hand, foot and mouth?

Answer 43

Blisters on hands, feet and in mouth Viral symptoms Self limiting

Question 44

What are the derm manifestations of systemic diseases seen in children?

Answer 44

Orofacial granulomatosis Erythema nodosum Dermatitis herpetiformis Urticaria

Question 45

What causes orofacial granulomatosis?

Answer 45

Crohn's

Question 46

What are the features of orofacial granulomatosis?

Answer 46

Lip swelling and fissuring | Oral mucosal lesions- ulcers and tags, cobblestone appearance

Question 47

What ar the clinical features of erythema nodosum?

Answer 47

Painful, erythematous subcutaneous nodules Over shins- sometimes other sites Slow resolution- 6-8 weeks

Question 48

What causes erythema nodosum?

Answer 48

``` Infections- strep, URT IBD Sarcoidosis Drugs Myocbacterial infections Idiopathic ```

Question 49

What is dermatitis herpetiformis?

Answer 49

Persistent immunobollous disease linked to coeliac

Question 50

What are the clinical features of dermatitis herpetiformis?

Answer 50

Itchy blisters, often symmetry | Scalp, shoulders, buttocks, elbows, knees

Question 51

What is the treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis?

Answer 51

Emollients GF diet Topical steroids Dapsone

Question 52

What is urticaria associated with?

Answer 52

Angioedema

Question 53

What ar the causes or urticaria?

Answer 53

``` Viral or bacterial infection Allergy NSAIDs, opiates Vaccines Chronic= idiopathic ```

Question 54

What is the appearance of urticaria?

Answer 54

Wheals, hives

Question 55

What is the treatment of urticaria?

Answer 55

Consider triggers and withdraw | Antihistamines 3x daily