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Paeds AM > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is eczema?

A

Itchy dry inflammatory skin disease

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2
Q

What are flares of eczema in childhood associated wth?

A 
Infection/vital illness
Central heating, cold hair
Pets
Teething
Stress
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3
Q

What are the endogenous types of eczema?

A 
Atopic
Seborrhoeic
Discoid
Pomphylx
Varicose
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4
Q

What causes atopic eczema?

A

Genetic and immune mediated barrier dysfunction

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5
Q

What is atopy?

A

Tendency to eczema, asthma and hayfever

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6
Q

What is the pathology of atopic eczema?

A

Abnormality in flaggrin expression- flaggrin proteins bind keratin filaments together
Loss of water, irritant and allergens can penetrate

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7
Q

What is the presentation of atopic eczema in infancy?

A

Typically starts on face and neck, cheek most common

Can spread ore generally

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8
Q

What is th presentation of atopic eczema in older children?

A

Flexural pattern predominates

Facial eczema can recur

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9
Q

What is the presentation of seborrhoeic eczema?

A

Mainly face and scalp, scaly appearance

In babies under 3 months, usually resolves by 12 months

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10
Q

What is seborrhoeic eczema associated with?

A

Proliferation of various species of skin commensals in yeast form

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11
Q

What is the treatment of seborrhoeic eczema?

A

Emollients
Antifungal creams and shampoos
Mild topical steroids

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12
Q

What is the presentation of discoid eczema?

A

Scattered annular/circular patches of itchy eczema

Can occur in pattern as a part of atopic eczema or separate entity

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13
Q

Who is pomphylx eczema seen in?

A

Young females

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14
Q

What is the presentation pf pomphylx eczema?

A

Vesicles affecting palms and or soles

Can be intensely itchy

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15
Q

What is varicose eczema?

A

Dry, inflamed possibly ulcerated skin caused by venous insufficiency

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16
Q

What is the treatment of varicose eczema?

A

Emollients
Topical steroids
Compression stockings

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17
Q

What are the exogenous causes of eczema?

A

Allergic

Irritant

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18
Q

What is allergic eczema?

A

Sensitisation to allergen causes eczema

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19
Q

What are the most common allergies?

A 
Milk/dairy
Soy
Peanuts
Eggs
Wheat
Fish
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20
Q

What causes irritant eczema?

A

Repeated contact with irritant

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21
Q

What is the treatment of eczema?

A 
Emollients
Topical steroids
Calcineurin inhibitor
UVB light therapy
Immunosuppression
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22
Q

What are the possible side effects of topical steroids?

A

Skin thinning with prolonged use

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23
Q

What are the types of topical steroids?

A

Very potent= dermovate
Potent= betnovate
Moderate= eumovate
Mild= hydrocortisone

24
Q

What are the common dermatological infections in children?

A 
Impetigo
Molluscum contagiosum
Viral warts
Viral examthans
Chicken pox
Parovirus
Hand, foot and mouth
25
Q

What is impetigo?

A

Superficial bacterial skin infection

26
Q

What is the causative organism of impetigo?

A

Often staph aureus

27
Q

What is the appearance of impetigo?

A

Pustules and honey coloured crusted lesions

28
Q

What s the treatment of impetigo?

A

Topica antibacterial

Oral antibiotic

29
Q

What is molluscs contagiosum?

A

Common meaning self limiting infection caused by molluscipox virus

30
Q

What is the appearance of molluscs contagiosum?

A

Pearly papule

Umbilicated centre

31
Q

What causes viral warts?

A

Often HPV

32
Q

What is transmission of viral warts via?

A

Direct skin contact

33
Q

What is the treatment of viral warts?

A

Cryotheray

Topical paints- e.g. salicylic acid

34
Q

What causes viral exanthems?

A

reaction to toxin produced by organism, damage to skin by organism or immune response

35
Q

What ar the features of viral exanthems?

A

Fever
Malaise
ehadache
Associated viral illness

36
Q

What causes the chicken pox?

A

Varicella zoster

37
Q

What is the chicken pox?

A

Highly contagious disease caused by primary infection of varicella zoster

38
Q

What are the features of the chicken pox?

A 
red papules progressing to vesicles
Often starting on trunk
Itchy
Associated viral symptoms
Contagious until crusted over
39
Q

What is parovirus?

A

Slap check
Erythematous rash on cheeks initially
Lace like network rash on trunk and limbs

40
Q

What does parovirus target?

A

Bone marrow

41
Q

What is the risk in parovirus?

A

Risk to pregnant women

42
Q

What causes hand, foot and mouth?

A

Enterovirus

43
Q

What are the features of hand, foot and mouth?

A

Blisters on hands, feet and in mouth
Viral symptoms
Self limiting

44
Q

What are the derm manifestations of systemic diseases seen in children?

A

Orofacial granulomatosis
Erythema nodosum
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Urticaria

45
Q

What causes orofacial granulomatosis?

A

Crohn’s

46
Q

What are the features of orofacial granulomatosis?

A

Lip swelling and fissuring

Oral mucosal lesions- ulcers and tags, cobblestone appearance

47
Q

What ar the clinical features of erythema nodosum?

A

Painful, erythematous subcutaneous nodules
Over shins- sometimes other sites
Slow resolution- 6-8 weeks

48
Q

What causes erythema nodosum?

A 
Infections- strep, URT
IBD
Sarcoidosis
Drugs
Myocbacterial infections
Idiopathic
49
Q

What is dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Persistent immunobollous disease linked to coeliac

50
Q

What are the clinical features of dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Itchy blisters, often symmetry

Scalp, shoulders, buttocks, elbows, knees

51
Q

What is the treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Emollients
GF diet
Topical steroids
Dapsone

52
Q

What is urticaria associated with?

A

Angioedema

53
Q

What ar the causes or urticaria?

A 
Viral or bacterial infection
Allergy
NSAIDs, opiates
Vaccines
Chronic= idiopathic
54
Q

What is the appearance of urticaria?

A

Wheals, hives

55
Q

What is the treatment of urticaria?

A

Consider triggers and withdraw

Antihistamines 3x daily

Paeds AM (19 decks)

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