Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paeds AM > Glomerulonephritis > Flashcards

Glomerulonephritis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the kidney?

A 
Waste excretion
Water balance
Salt balance
Acid base control
Endocrine functions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the components of the glomerular filtration barrier?

A

Endothelial cell
Glomerular basement membrane
Podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the endothelial cells in the glomerular filtration barrier?

A

Fenestrated

Bulnerable to immune mediated attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the components of the glomerular basement membrane?

A

Type IV collagen
Laminin
Mesangial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are mesangial cells?

A

Glomerular structural support
Embedded in glomerular basement membrabe
Regulate blood flow of glomerular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe podocites in the glomerular filtration barrier?

A

Proteins containing slit diaphragms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is glomerulopathy?

A

Proteinuria and haematuris in varying amounts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does increasing proteinuria suggest?

A

Nephrotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does increasing haematuria suggest?

A

Nephritic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the presentation of nephrotic syndrome?

A 
Well, normally 2-5 year olds
Oedema- periorbital, pitting oedema of legs
Ascites, small pleural effusions
Frothy urine
Proteinuria
Intravascular depletion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the types of causes of nephrotic syndrome?

A

Idiopathic
Acquired
Congenital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the idiopathic causes of nephrotic syndrome?

A

Minimal change disease
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the most common causes of acquired nephrotic syndrome?

A

IgA related vasculitis
Lupus
Post infective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does IgA vasculitic affect?

A

Mesangial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does lupus affect?

A

Endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does post infective glomerulonephritis affect?

A

Basement membrane and endothelial cells

17
Q

What are congenital nephrotic syndromes?

A

rare, congenital

Affecting podocyte, endothelium and microvascular integrity and basement membrane proteins

18
Q

What investigations are done for nephrotic syndrome?

A

Dipstick
Protein creatinine ratio
24 hour urine collection
Bloods- albumin and ceratinine

19
Q

What would a nephrotic protein creatinine ratio be?

A

> 250 normal <20

20
Q

What is the treatment of nephrotic syndrome?

A

Prednisolone 8 weeks

Frequent long term relapses or steroid resistant- immunosuppression

21
Q

What are the common causes of nephritic syndrome?

A

Glomerulonephritis
UTI
Trauma
Stones

22
Q

What types of glomerulonephritis common cause nephritic syndrome?

A

Post infective
IgA related vasculitis
IgA neohropathy

23
Q

How can the causes of nephritic syndrome be differentiated?

A 
UTI= associated dysuria
Sones= associated pain
24
Q

What is the presentation of nephritic syndrome?

A

Increasing haematuria
proteinuria
Intravascular overload- hypertension, raised JVP, oedema
Oliguria

25
Q

What investigations are done for nephritic syndrome?

A

Bloods- FBC, creatinine, albumin
Urine dipstick and culture
Renal US

26
Q

What is the most common cause of post infective glomerulonephritis?

A

Usually group A strep
Throat infection in last 7-10 days
Skin infection in last 2-4 weeks

27
Q

What is the differential for post infective glomerulonephritis?

A

IgA nephropathy
membranoprolifeartive glomeruloneohropathy
Lupus

28
Q

How is post infective glomerulonephritis diagnosed?

A

Bacterial culture

ASOT +

29
Q

What is the treatment of post infective glomerulonephritis?

A

Antibiotics
Support renal function
Diuretics if overload/hypertension

30
Q

What is IgA nephropathy?

A

Most common glomerulonephritis, normally occurring 1-2 days after a URTI
Usually older children and adults

31
Q

What are the features of IgA nephropathy?

A

Recurrent macroscopic haematuria
+/- chronic microscopic haematuria
Varying degree of proteinuria

32
Q

What is the diagnosis of IgA neohropathy?

A

Negative autoimmune, normal compliment

rarely confirmation biopsy

33
Q

What is the treatment of IgA neohropathy?

A

Mild- ACE inhibitor

Mod to severe- immunosuppression

34
Q

What is IgA related vasculitis?

A

Dilatation of capillaries due to autoimmune IgA response

Age of onset 5-15

35
Q

What are the features of IgA vasculitis?

A

Palpable purpura plus 1 of

  • abdo pain
  • renal involvement
  • arthritis or arthralgia
  • IgA deposition on biopsy
36
Q

What are the common triggers for IgA vasculitis?

A

Viral URTI
Strep
Drugs

37
Q

What is the treatment of IgA vasculitis?

A

Symptomatic
GI involvement- glucocorticoid
Mod to severe renal= immunosuppression
Long term hypertension and proteinuria screening

38
Q

What are the most common causes of nephritis syndrome?

A

Post infection GN
IgA vasculitis
IgA nephropathy

39
Q

What are the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome?

A

focal segmental GN

Minimal change disease

Paeds AM (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions