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Physiology > Respiratory III > Flashcards

Respiratory III Flashcards

1
Q

why is PO2 in the pulmonary capillaries after gas exchange 95mmHg

A

because of bronchial circulation

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2
Q

what is the partial pressure of a gas

A

the pressure of one gas in a mix of gases

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3
Q

what is the formula for partial pressure of a gas

A

Patm x fractional concentration of a gas

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4
Q

what is atmospheric gas partial pressures

A

600mmHg nitrogen and 160 mmHg oxygen

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5
Q

what is the partial pressure of water in the lungs

A

47mmHg

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6
Q

what is the result of the generation of a partial pressure of water in the lungs

A

air is humidified and decreases the partial pressure of the other gases

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7
Q

what is the partial pressure of O2 in the lungs

A

149 mmHg

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8
Q

at normal alveolar ventilation and O2 absorption rates what is PAO2

A

100mmHg

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9
Q

what does increasing alveolar ventilation do to PAO2

A

increase it

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10
Q

what is the solubility coefficient

A

attractability of molecules to water

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11
Q

what does the solubility coefficient tell you if it is high

A

the gases diffuse quickly

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12
Q

what is henrys law

A

partial pressure = concentration of dissolved gases/solubility coefficient

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13
Q

which is more soluble: CO2 or O2

A

CO2

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14
Q

what is the formula for concentration of dissolved gas

A

= solubility coefficient x partial pressure

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15
Q

what does gas exchange at the respiratory membrane depend on

A

-transport rate through the respiratory membrane
-the rate of alveolar ventilation

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16
Q

what does an increase in alveolar ventilation do to PAO2 and gas exchange

A

increases both with an upper limit of 150 mmHg

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17
Q

what does transport through the respiratory membrane depend on

A

-difference in partial pressures across the membrane
- solubility of gas in fluid
-cross sectional area of membrane
- distance of diffusion
-molecular weight of gas

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18
Q

what is the formula for volume of gas diffusing through the tissue barrier per unit time

A

V = change in pressure x A x S/ (d X square root of MW)

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19
Q

what will be the PO2 of a tissue with high metabolic activity

A

lower PO2

20
Q

which diffuses more rapidly: O2 or CO2

A

CO2

21
Q

if more pulmonary capillaries are recruited what happens to surface area for diffusion

A

it increases such as converting from zone 2 to zone 3

22
Q

what does an increase in thickness of the diffusion barrier do to diffusion

A

decreases it

23
Q

what are the components of the respiratory membrane

A

-surfactant
-alveolar epithelium
-alveolar basement membrane
-interstitial space
- endothelial basement membrane
- capillary endothelium

24
Q

under normal conditions, O2 transport into pulmonary capillaries is _____

A

perfusion limited

25
Q

under fibrosis, emphysema, strenuous exercise O2 transport into pulmonary capillaries is

A

diffusion limited

26
Q

what does the diffusion capacity of the lung measure

A

respiratory membranes functional integrity.
- if lung impairment is perfusion limitation or diffusion limitation

27
Q

what is the diffusion capacity of the lung measured by

A

amount of a gas entering pulmonary blood per unit of time

28
Q

what do you need to know in order to calculate diffusion capacity of the lung

A

gas’s alveolar pressure, pulmonary capillary pressure, and rate of uptake by the blood

29
Q

why cant DLCO2 be calculated

A

because of its rapid diffusion

30
Q

why is DLO2 difficult to calculate

A

most of O2 binds to hemoglobin

31
Q

why is carbon monoxide idea for DL

A

because it is diffusion limited

32
Q

what would an abnormally low DLCO test indicate

A

-thickening of the barrier (increased d)
- decreased surface area (low A)
-decreased uptake

33
Q

what would cause thickening of the barrier

A

interstitial edema or fibrosis

34
Q

what would cause decreased surface area

A

-emphysema
- low CO
- tumors
-ventilation perfusion mismatch

35
Q

what would cause decreased uptake

A

anemia and decreased blood volume in pulmonary capillaries

36
Q

what is the normal A-a gradient in a young non smoker

A

5-10mmHg

37
Q

how much does the A-a gradient increase with with age

A

increases by 1 mmHg for each decade

38
Q

what is the formula for normal A-a gradient

A

age/4 +4

39
Q

what is PAO2 predicted based on

A

-partial pressure of O2 inspired
- the PaCO2
-ratio of CO2 produced/O2 consumed - the respiratory quotient

40
Q

what does a large difference in PAO2 and PaO2 tell you

A

diffusion problem

41
Q

what is PvO2 (veins

A

40 mmHg

42
Q

what is PAO2 (alveoli)

A

100 mmHg

43
Q

what is PaO2 (arteries)

A

95 mmHg

44
Q

what is FiO2 (definitiion and number)

A

percentage of inspired O2 - 21%

45
Q

what is PH2O

A

47 mmHg

46
Q

what is PaCO2 (arterial CO2)

A

40 mmHg

47
Q

what is the respiratory quotient and number

A

CO2 produced (200 ml/min) divided by the O2 consumed (250 ml/min) = 0.8

Physiology (41 decks)

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