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Physiology > NS IV Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

NS IV Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the NT of the SNS

A

Norepinephrine and epinephrine

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2
Q

what are the NT of the PNS

A

AcH

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3
Q

where are the preganglionic neurons of the SNS located

A

in the lateral gray horn of the spinal cord

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4
Q

where are the preganglionic neurons of the PNS located

A

motor nuclei of cranial nerves 3,7 ,9 and 11

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5
Q

what do ALL preganglionic terminals release and where does it bind

A

AcH that binds to nicotinic receptors on the postganglionic neuron

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6
Q

what type of receptors are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and what are they selective for

A

ligand gated ion channels (ionotropic) selective for Na+ and K+

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7
Q

where are postganglionic neurons located

A

outside the CNS

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8
Q

what are the options of pathways sympathetic fibers will follow after exiting through a white ramus into one of the ganglia of the sympathetic chain

A

-synapse with postganglionic neurons at that ganglia
- pass up or down the sympathetic chain then synapse with a different ganglia
- pass through the chain and out a sympathetic splanchnic nerve where it will synapse in a peripheral sympathetic ganglion

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9
Q

what receptor types does NE activate

A

alpha and beta receptors

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10
Q

what do most sympathetic postganglionic terminals release and what is the exception

A

norepinephrine except at sweat glands they release AcH to activate muscarinic receptors

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11
Q

what does the adrenal medulla secrete when activated and what does it do

A

80% epinephrine and 20% norepinephrine into the blood stream to activate adrenergic receptors

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12
Q

what enzyme does the adrenal medulla contain and what does it do

A

PNMT which catalyzes the conversion of NE to EPI

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13
Q

which receptor has a lower affinity for catecholamines: alpha or beta

A

alpha

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14
Q

which has a greater potency at alpha receptors: NE or EPI

A

NE

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15
Q

what does alpha 1 receptors do

A

constrict smooth muscle

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16
Q

what do alpha 2 receptors do

A

blocks further NE release

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17
Q

which has a higher potency at beta 1 receptors: NE or EPI

A

almost equal

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18
Q

which has a higher potency at beta 2 receptors: NE or EPI

A

EPI- much higher

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19
Q

which has a higher potency at beta 3 receptors: NE or EPI

A

NE slightly greater

20
Q

what do beta 1 receptors do

A

increase heart rate and contractility, increase lipolysis, increase renin secretion, increase protein content in saliva

21
Q

what do beta 2 receptors do

A

relax smooth muscle, release FA and glucose

22
Q

where are beta 3 receptors foun

A

adipose tissue

23
Q

where are alpha 1 receptors found

A

effector tissues, smooth muscle, glands

24
Q

where are alpha 2 receptors found

A

nerve endings, some smooth muscle

25
Q

where are beta 1 receptors found

A

cardiac muscle

26
Q

where are beta 2 receptors found

A

smooth muscle, liver, heart

27
Q

where are beta 3 receptors found

A

adipose cells

28
Q

what is the effect of injection of epinephrine

A

causes vasoconstriction via alpha 1 receptors at the site of administration which decreases blood absorption and facilitates neuronal uptake, enhances the quality of analgesia, prolongs duration of action, and limits toxic side effects

29
Q

what does albuterol do

A

causes bronchodilation through beta 2

30
Q

what are the ways that NE can be removed from the synapse

A

-diffusion away from synaptic cleft
- reuptake by presynaptic terminal
-destruction by the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) or COMT

31
Q

what is the difference in axon length between SNS and PNS

A

PNS has longer preganglionic axons

32
Q

what do preganglionic axons of the PNS supply

A

-face via CN 3,7,and 9 and the thorax and upper abdomen via CN 10
- pelvic viscera

33
Q

what are the actions of the PNS via muscarinic receptors

A

-Digestion
-Urination
-Miosis
-Bronchoconstriction
- Bradycardia
-Lacrimation
-salivation

34
Q

what type of receptors are muscarinic receptors

A

GPCRs

35
Q

what do muscarinic receptors do

A

constrict smooth muscle, relax sphincters, stimulate glandular secretions

36
Q

where are M1 receptors located and what is their effect

A

-stomach and salivary glands
-excitatory

37
Q

where are M2 receptors found and what is their effect

A
  • smooth muscle, myocardium, cardiac autorhythmic cells, CNS
    -inhibitory
38
Q

where are M3 receptors found and what is their effect

A

-exocrine glands, smooth muscle, endothelium, sweat glands
-excitatory

39
Q

where are M4 receptors found and what is their effect

A

-CNS, vagal nerve
-inhibitory

40
Q

where are M5 receptors found and what is their effect

A

-CNS
-excitatory

41
Q

what can cause sialorrhea (drooling) in patients

A

anti-cholinesterases

42
Q

what does the PNS do in the bladder? SNS?

A

PNS: M2 relaxes sphincter, M3 constricts detrusor
CNS: alpha 1 contricts sphincter, beta 2 relaxes detrusor

43
Q

what does the PNS do in the GI tract? SNS?

A

PNS: M2 relax sphincter, M3 contracts muscle
SNS: alpha 1 constricts sphincter, Beta 2 relaxes muscle

44
Q

what does the PNS do in the salivary glands? SNS?

A

PNS: M1 and M3 stimulate watery secretion due to contraction of myoepithelial cells and vasodilation
SNS: alpha 1 vasoconstriction and secretion of concentrated saliva, beta 1 receptors stimulate secretion of protein

45
Q

what is the effect of the SNS on vascular smooth muscle/ blood vessels

A

alpha 1: vasoconstriction
beta 2: vasodilation

46
Q

what is the effect of the PNS on the lungs? SNS?

A

PNS: M3 constricts bronchial smooth muscle
SNS: beta 2 relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

Physiology (41 decks)

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