NS VI Taste and Smell Flashcards
what are taste papillae
peripheral organs of gustation
what do taste papillae contain
taste buds
what are the functional units of gustation
taste buds
what do taste buds contain
taste receptor clls
what cell type are taste receptor cells
epithelial cells
where are taste receptor cells located
on cilia
is there a turnover of taste receptor cells
yes very high
what are basal cells
cells that can differentiate into taste receptor cells
where are taste papillae located
tongue, hard palate, soft palate, pharynx, epiglottis, and larynx
what are the types of papillae
filiform papillae, circumvallate papilla, fungiform papilla, foliate papilla
where are circumvallate papillae found
dorsal surface of the tongue, makes a V shaped line
where are foliate papillae located
posterolateral border of the tongue
where are fungiform papillae located
anterior dorsal surface of the tongue
where are extralingual papillae located
on soft and hard palate, larynx, epiglottis and pharynx
what activates taste receptors
tastants
how many taste types do taste receptor cells have
multiple
what taste receptor genes and protein do sweet, bitter, and umami tastes utilize
TR1 and TR2 which use the G protein gustducin
what type of receptors do sweet bitter and umami tastes use
metabotropic GPCRs
what type of receptors do sour and salty tastes use
ionotropic receptors
what is sour taste stimulated by
H+
what is sour taste strongly linked to
salivation and contraction of facial muscles
what are the stimuli for sweet taste
sugars, glycols, alcohols, artificial sweeteners
what proteins are involved in the sweet taste receptor
T1R2 and T1R3
what are the stimuli for bitter tastes
organic, K+, denatonium, caffeine, strychnine, quinine, nicotine, broccoli, brussel sprouts
what taste has highest number of receptors
bitter
what taste has lowest threshold for perception
bitter
what receptor family are bitter taste receptors
T2R family
what are denatonium salts
used to prevent inappropriate ingestion
what stimulates salty taste
Na+ and somewhat by Cl-
what is the receptor of salty taste
ENaC
what is the stimulus for umami tastes
MSG