Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Cardiovascular Physiology Excitation and Conduction Part 2 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Physiology Excitation and Conduction Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is happening in the between beats phase of the cardiac cycle

A

-pressure in atria < pressure veins
-pressure in atria > pressure in ventricles
- pressure in ventricles < pressure in arteries
-AV valves open
- SL valves closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the period called between beats and how much blood is being loaded into ventricles at this time

A

period of passive filling
-80% of blood for contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is happening in atrial systole in the cardiac cycle

A

-pressure in atria is high so AV valves are open
- pressure in Atria > pressure in veins
- pressure atria > pressure in ventricles
- pressure in ventricles < pressure in arteries
- SL valves shut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the period called in atrial systole and how much blood is being loaded into ventricles

A

-period of active filling
-20% of blood for contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is happening in atrial diastole/early ventricular systole in the cardiac cycle

A

-pressure in atria is low
- pressure in ventricles is high
- pressure in atria < pressure in veins
- pressure in atria < pressure in ventricles
- pressure in ventricles < pressure in arteries
-SL and AV valves are closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the period called in atrial diastole/early ventricular systole

A

period of isovolumetric contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is happening in late ventricular systole

A

-pressure in atria < pressure in veins
- pressure in atria < pressure in ventricles
- pressure in ventricles > pressure in arteries
- SL valves open
-AV valves shut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the phase called in late ventricular systole

A

ejection phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is happening in early ventricular diastole

A
  • pressure in ventricles is low
  • pressure atria < pressure in ventricles
  • pressure in ventricles < pressure in arteries
    -SL and AV valves shut
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what period is during early ventricular diastole

A

period of isovolumetric relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is happening in late ventricular diastole

A

-pressure in atria < pressure in veins
- pressure in atria > pressure in ventricles
-pressure in ventricles < pressure in arteries
-AV valves open
-SL valves shut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what period begins in late ventricular diastole

A

period of passive filling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the pressure/volume loop

A

change in left ventricular volume and pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is end diastolic volume

A

135 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is end systolic volume

A

65 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is stroke volume and the formula

A

-volume of blood ejected per beat
- EDV-ESV
-70 mL/beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is ejection fraction and formula

A

-fraction of EDV ejected per beat
- SV/EDV
-52%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what causes the 1st heart sound

A

AV valves close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what causes the 2nd heart sound

A

SL valves close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is stenosis

A

failure of valves to open completely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is prolapse or insufficiency

A

failure of valves to close properly

22
Q

what is cardiac output and the formula

A

-amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle in 1 minute
- CO = HR x SV
-5 L/min

23
Q

what is cardiac output during intense exercise

A

30-35 L/min

24
Q

what is CO increased by

A

physical activity, metabolic status, drugs

25
Q

what is CO decreased by

A

blood loss, heart disease

26
Q

how do you control CO

A

by changing HR and SV

27
Q

what is HR controlled by

A

input from the nervous system

28
Q

what cells are affected by the SNS and increase HR

A

AR and Contractile cells

29
Q

what cells are affected by the PNS and decrease HR

A

AR cells only

30
Q

what meant by a positive dromotropic agent and give an example

A

increases speed of APs
-ex: SNS

31
Q

what is SV controlled by

A

-change in preload (EDV)
- change in afterload (blood pressure)
- change in contractility (force of contraction)

32
Q

at rest, cardiac muscle sits at a length that is ____ than optimum

A

less

33
Q

how does increased EDV increase SV

A

increased EDV -> increased stretch of myocardium -> moves resting cardiocyte length toward optimum -> increases SV

34
Q

what is Starlings Law of the Heart

A

Increased EDV = increased SV

35
Q

what is the relationship between EDV and venous return

A

direct

36
Q

what do one way valves do

A

facilitate blood movement back to the heart

37
Q

what are factors that increase VR

A

-increased skeletal muscle pump
- increases thoracic pump (breathing)
- increases venoconstriction via SNS

38
Q

what is the relationship between SV and HR

A

inverse

39
Q

what is the relationship between CO and HR

A

direct

40
Q

does HR have a greater effect on CO or SV

A

CO unless extremely tachycardic

41
Q

what is afterload

A

the pressure that the ventricles must overcome to force open the aortic and pulmonary valves

42
Q

what can increase afterload

A

anything that increases systemic or pulmonary arterial pressure

43
Q

what does increased afterload do to SV

A

decreases it

44
Q

is afterload a major factor in healthy subjects

A

no

45
Q

what does load do to skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle contraction

A

leads to hypertrophy and decreased function or ability to contract

46
Q

how is contractility varies

A

calcium concentration that enters contractile cells via L type VG Ca2+ channels

47
Q

what are the 3 effects of B1 adrenergic receptor activation on contractility

A

-increased force and speed of contraction by:
1-L type Ca2+ channel gets phosphorylated
2- cross bridge cycling
3-increased Ca2+ ATPase activity causes quicker relaxation

48
Q

what does acetylcholine affect

A

HR

49
Q

what does NE and Epi affect

A

HR AND SV

50
Q

what part of the heart is the influence for HR

A

atria

51
Q

what part of the heart is the influence for SV

A

ventricles

Physiology (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions