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Physiology > Renal I Body Fluids > Flashcards

Renal I Body Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

how much water is gained a day in food and drink

A

2.2 L/day

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2
Q

how much water is gained per day in metabolism

A

0.3 L/day

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3
Q

how much water is lost per day in skin and lungs

A

0.9 L day

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4
Q

how much water is lost through feces per day

A

0.1 L/day

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5
Q

what is the relationship between fluid distribution and electrolyte concentrations in the body

A

they influence each other

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6
Q

what does a sodium imbalance alter

A

vascular and total body volumes

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7
Q

what does potassium imbalance alter

A

cardiac and neural function

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8
Q

what does calcium imbalance alter

A

skeletal muscle, cardiac, neural function and bone structure

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9
Q

what does H+ imbalance alter

A

multiple systems

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10
Q

how much of body weight is extracellular? intracellular?

A

-extra: 20%
-intra: 40%

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11
Q

what is the total body water volume and percent of body weight

A
  • 42L
    -60% of body weight
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12
Q

what percent body weight is plasma

A

4-5%

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13
Q

what is the ratio of intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid

A

2/3 intracellular
1/3 extracellular

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14
Q

is K+ high or low in ECF and ICF

A

-ECF: low
-ICF: high

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15
Q

is Na+ high or low in ECF and ICF

A

-ECF: high
-ICF: low

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16
Q

is Ca2+ high or low in ECF and ICF

A

ECF: high
ICF: low

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17
Q

is Cl- high or low in ECF and ICF

A

-ECF: high
-ICF: low

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18
Q

is Mg2+ high or low in ECF and ICF

A

-ECF: low
- ICF: high

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19
Q

is H+ high or low in ECF and ICF

A

-ECF: low
-ICF: high

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20
Q

is HCO3- high or low in ECF and ICF

A

ECF: high
ICF: low

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21
Q

is glucose low or high in ECF and ICF

A

ECF: high
ICF: low

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22
Q

are amino acids high or low in ECF and ICF

A

ECF: low
ICF: high

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23
Q

describe the distribution between ICF and ECF

A

plasma and interstitial fluid mix rapidly except proteins

24
Q

what is the main force that drives mixing between plasma and ICF

A

hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressure via capillary pores

25
what type of transport is used between the plasma and ICF
bulk flow
26
what is fluid distribution between ICF and ECF determined by
osmotic effect of small solutes acting across cell membrane
27
what ions make up 90% of total ECF osmolarity
Na+ and Cl-
28
what ion makes up 90% of total ICF osmolarity
K+
29
cell volume is at the mercy of ___
ECF tonicity
30
what conditions and illnesses can effect ECF osmolarity and volume
-vomitting/diarrhea - burns and other causes of skin loss - heat induced swelling - renal disease
31
how would ICF and ECF osmolarity and volume change if you add isotonic NaCl
ECF volume increases
32
how would ICF and ECF volume and osmolarity change if you add hypotonic NaCl
-ICF and ECF both increase in volume - both decrease osmolarity
33
how would ICF and ECF volume and osmolarity change if you add hypertonic NaCl
-ECF and ICF both increase in osmolarity - ECF increase in volume -ICF decreases in volume
34
how do the kidneys regulate body fluid volume and composition
by controlling ECF volume and composition
35
what is edema
too much water in tissues
36
what are the two types of edema and which is more common
intracellular and extracellular. extracellular is much more common
37
what are the causes of intracellular edema
-hyponatremia - decreased metabolism: Na+/K+ pump failure - inflammation- increased membrane permeability and leakage
38
what is the most important cation in the body
Na+
39
what does too little ECF lead to
volume contraction, hypotension and organ hypoperfusion
40
what does too much ECF lead to
edema, ascites, pleural effusions and hypertension
41
what defines hyponatremia
[Na+] in the ECF is below 142 mOsm/L - sodium input < sodium output -water input > water output
42
what is the most common electrolyte disorder
hyponatremia
43
what percentage of hospitalized patients does hyponatremia account for
20-25%
44
what are the 3 types of hyponatremia
-hyponatremia- dehydration - hyponatremia- overhydration - hyponatremia- low solute intake
45
what is hyponatremia dehydration caused by and what are the causes
- increased NaCl loss - causes: vomiting, diarrhea, renal disease, diuretics, addison's disease (aldosterone deficiency)
46
what is hyponatremia- overhydration and what are the causes
-excess H2O retention - causes: inappropriate ADH secretion, H2O toxicity
47
what is hyponatremia- low solute intake and what is it caused by
- decreased NaCl intake -caused by extreme diets
48
what happens in chronic hyponatremia
- gradual decrease in [Na+] ECF -stimulates transport of Na+, K+ and organic solutes out of the cells - water leaves the cells - brain swelling decreased because of transport of solutes from the cells - low [Na+] ECF must correct itself slowly to avoidosmotic demyelination
49
what happens in acute hyponatremia and what is it caused by
-rapid decrease in [Na+] ECF - H2O into the cells -brain swells - caused by loss of Na+ or excess H2O
50
what is extracellular edema caused by and what causes each of those
- increased capillary filtration (most common, CHF) - failure of lymphatics to return interstitial fluid to circulation (lymphedema)
51
what can cause increased capillary permeability
-inflammation -burns -ischemia
52
what can caused increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
- heart failure -renal disease
53
what can caused decreased capillary colloid osmotic pressure
-renal loss -liver disease
54
where do effusions occur
potential spaces such as pleural, pericardial, peritoneal, synovial cavities
55
what is an effusion
another name for edema
56
how is fluid and proteins cleared
lymphatic drainage

Physiology (41 decks)

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