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Physiology > Renal I Body Fluids > Flashcards

Renal I Body Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

how much water is gained a day in food and drink

A

2.2 L/day

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2
Q

how much water is gained per day in metabolism

A

0.3 L/day

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3
Q

how much water is lost per day in skin and lungs

A

0.9 L day

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4
Q

how much water is lost through feces per day

A

0.1 L/day

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5
Q

what is the relationship between fluid distribution and electrolyte concentrations in the body

A

they influence each other

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6
Q

what does a sodium imbalance alter

A

vascular and total body volumes

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7
Q

what does potassium imbalance alter

A

cardiac and neural function

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8
Q

what does calcium imbalance alter

A

skeletal muscle, cardiac, neural function and bone structure

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9
Q

what does H+ imbalance alter

A

multiple systems

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10
Q

how much of body weight is extracellular? intracellular?

A

-extra: 20%
-intra: 40%

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11
Q

what is the total body water volume and percent of body weight

A
  • 42L
    -60% of body weight
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12
Q

what percent body weight is plasma

A

4-5%

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13
Q

what is the ratio of intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid

A

2/3 intracellular
1/3 extracellular

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14
Q

is K+ high or low in ECF and ICF

A

-ECF: low
-ICF: high

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15
Q

is Na+ high or low in ECF and ICF

A

-ECF: high
-ICF: low

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16
Q

is Ca2+ high or low in ECF and ICF

A

ECF: high
ICF: low

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17
Q

is Cl- high or low in ECF and ICF

A

-ECF: high
-ICF: low

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18
Q

is Mg2+ high or low in ECF and ICF

A

-ECF: low
- ICF: high

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19
Q

is H+ high or low in ECF and ICF

A

-ECF: low
-ICF: high

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20
Q

is HCO3- high or low in ECF and ICF

A

ECF: high
ICF: low

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21
Q

is glucose low or high in ECF and ICF

A

ECF: high
ICF: low

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22
Q

are amino acids high or low in ECF and ICF

A

ECF: low
ICF: high

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23
Q

describe the distribution between ICF and ECF

A

plasma and interstitial fluid mix rapidly except proteins

24
Q

what is the main force that drives mixing between plasma and ICF

A

hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressure via capillary pores

25
Q

what type of transport is used between the plasma and ICF

A

bulk flow

26
Q

what is fluid distribution between ICF and ECF determined by

A

osmotic effect of small solutes acting across cell membrane

27
Q

what ions make up 90% of total ECF osmolarity

A

Na+ and Cl-

28
Q

what ion makes up 90% of total ICF osmolarity

A

K+

29
Q

cell volume is at the mercy of ___

A

ECF tonicity

30
Q

what conditions and illnesses can effect ECF osmolarity and volume

A

-vomitting/diarrhea
- burns and other causes of skin loss
- heat induced swelling
- renal disease

31
Q

how would ICF and ECF osmolarity and volume change if you add isotonic NaCl

A

ECF volume increases

32
Q

how would ICF and ECF volume and osmolarity change if you add hypotonic NaCl

A

-ICF and ECF both increase in volume
- both decrease osmolarity

33
Q

how would ICF and ECF volume and osmolarity change if you add hypertonic NaCl

A

-ECF and ICF both increase in osmolarity
- ECF increase in volume
-ICF decreases in volume

34
Q

how do the kidneys regulate body fluid volume and composition

A

by controlling ECF volume and composition

35
Q

what is edema

A

too much water in tissues

36
Q

what are the two types of edema and which is more common

A

intracellular and extracellular. extracellular is much more common

37
Q

what are the causes of intracellular edema

A

-hyponatremia
- decreased metabolism: Na+/K+ pump failure
- inflammation- increased membrane permeability and leakage

38
Q

what is the most important cation in the body

A

Na+

39
Q

what does too little ECF lead to

A

volume contraction, hypotension and organ hypoperfusion

40
Q

what does too much ECF lead to

A

edema, ascites, pleural effusions and hypertension

41
Q

what defines hyponatremia

A

[Na+] in the ECF is below 142 mOsm/L
- sodium input < sodium output
-water input > water output

42
Q

what is the most common electrolyte disorder

A

hyponatremia

43
Q

what percentage of hospitalized patients does hyponatremia account for

A

20-25%

44
Q

what are the 3 types of hyponatremia

A

-hyponatremia- dehydration
- hyponatremia- overhydration
- hyponatremia- low solute intake

45
Q

what is hyponatremia dehydration caused by and what are the causes

A
  • increased NaCl loss
  • causes: vomiting, diarrhea, renal disease, diuretics, addison’s disease (aldosterone deficiency)
46
Q

what is hyponatremia- overhydration and what are the causes

A

-excess H2O retention
- causes: inappropriate ADH secretion, H2O toxicity

47
Q

what is hyponatremia- low solute intake and what is it caused by

A
  • decreased NaCl intake
    -caused by extreme diets
48
Q

what happens in chronic hyponatremia

A
  • gradual decrease in [Na+] ECF
    -stimulates transport of Na+, K+ and organic solutes out of the cells
  • water leaves the cells
  • brain swelling decreased because of transport of solutes from the cells
  • low [Na+] ECF must correct itself slowly to avoidosmotic demyelination
49
Q

what happens in acute hyponatremia and what is it caused by

A

-rapid decrease in [Na+] ECF
- H2O into the cells
-brain swells
- caused by loss of Na+ or excess H2O

50
Q

what is extracellular edema caused by and what causes each of those

A
  • increased capillary filtration (most common, CHF)
  • failure of lymphatics to return interstitial fluid to circulation (lymphedema)
51
Q

what can cause increased capillary permeability

A

-inflammation
-burns
-ischemia

52
Q

what can caused increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

A
  • heart failure
    -renal disease
53
Q

what can caused decreased capillary colloid osmotic pressure

A

-renal loss
-liver disease

54
Q

where do effusions occur

A

potential spaces such as pleural, pericardial, peritoneal, synovial cavities

55
Q

what is an effusion

A

another name for edema

56
Q

how is fluid and proteins cleared

A

lymphatic drainage

Physiology (41 decks)

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