Respiratory Histology

Question 1

What are the three regions of the nasal cavity?

Answer 1

Nasal Vestibule (just inside the nostrils - lined with skin)

Respiratory region (inferior 2/3 of the nasal cavities)

Olfactory region (upper 1/3)

Question 2

What differentiates olfactory mucosa from respiratory mucosa?

Answer 2

Thicker

Lack of goblet cells

Question 3

What is the function of sustentacular cells?

Answer 3

Mechanical and metabolic support to olfactory receptor cells.

Question 4

At what respiratory division do goblet cells stop being produced?

Answer 4

Broncioles (they do not have goblet cells)

Question 5

In what layer of the trachea do we find the trachealis muscle?

Answer 5

The adventitia

Question 6

What respiratory division do inhalers affect?

Why?

Answer 6

Bronchioles

Because of their prominent smooth muscle

Question 7

At what point in the respiratory division do we see club cells and simple cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 7

Terminal Bronchioles

Question 8

What is the function of club cells?

Answer 8

Secrete lipoprotein to prevent airway collapse during expiration

Question 9

What is the function of the conducting portion of the lung?

What is the function of the respiratory portion of the lung?

Answer 9

1) Warms, filters and humidifies air
2) Pass air to alveoli for gas exchange

Question 10

Where does the conducting portion start and end?

What are the parts of the respiratory portion?

Answer 10

1) Starts at nasal cavity and ends at terminal bronchioles
2) Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs

Question 11

What type of epithelium are the true vocal folds/cords lined with?

Answer 11

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Question 12

What is classified as respiratory epithelium?

Answer 12

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Question 13

What are modified columnar epithelial cells that synthesize and secrete mucus?

Answer 13

Goblet cells

Question 14

What structure do we stop seeing club cells?

What structure do we stop seeing elastic fibers?

What structure do we stop seeing ciliated cells?

What structure do we stop seeing goblet cells?

Glands are found in all of the respiratory tract except?

Answer 14

1) Alveolar ducts
2) Throughout but increases as we get more distal
3) Respiratory bronchioles
4) Become less numerous as we get more distal
5) Bronchioles

Question 15

What type of epithelium lines alveolar ducts, rings, and sacs?

Answer 15

Simple squamous

Question 16

What cell type are type I pneumocytes?
Type II?

Answer 16

1) Squamous (flat)
2) Cuboidal (rounded)

Question 17

What does type I pneumocytes create surface for?

What is the role of type II pneumocytes?

Answer 17

1) Gas exchange
2) Secrete surfactant

Question 18

What is vitally important for an infant to produce in order to survive?

Why?

Answer 18

1) Surfactant
2) Reduces surface tension within alveoli to prevent collapse during respiration

Question 19

With emphysema there is a chronic obstruction of airflow due to?
This is accompanied by?

What is it caused by?

Answer 19

1) Narrowing of bronchioles
2) Destruction of alveolar walls

3) Smoking

Question 20

What is pneumonia?

The air spaces are filled with exudate containing?

How does it affect the capillaries in the lung?

During acute pneumonia the lungs undergo a red hepatization stage where it looks like?

Answer 20

1) Inflammation of lung tissue
2) Neutrophils, RBCs, and Fibrin
3) Enlarges them and congested with RBCs
4) Liver

Question 21

Answer 21

Clara cells

Question 22

Answer 22

Trachea

Question 23

Answer 23

A) Type I pneumocyte

B) Endothelial cells

C) Basement membrane

D) Blood of capillary

E) Lumen of alveollus

Question 24

Answer 24

1) Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
2) Ciliated columnar epithelial cells, goblet cells, stem cells
3) Synthesize and secrete mucus
4) Release mucigen granules by exocytosis and combine with water
5) Trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity

Question 25

Answer 25

1) Trachealis m.
2) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
3) C-shaped cartilage ring
4) Hyaline cartilage
5) Submucosal glands are located in submucosa

Question 26

Answer 26

1) Chondrocytes
2) Submucosa
3) Submucosal glands
4) Perichondrium
5) Dense irregular CT

Question 27

Answer 27

1) Olfactory epithelium
2) Deep to superficial: basal cells, olfactory receptor neurons, sustentacular cells
3) Thicker epithelium, lack of goblet cells

Question 28

Answer 28

1) Visceral pleura
2) Splanchnic mesoderm
3) Mesothelium
4) Simple squamous epithelium

Question 29

Answer 29

1) Bronchi
2) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
3) Cells are shorter in height
4) Cartilage plates, not rings
5) Smooth muscle

Question 30

Answer 30

1) Bronchiole
2) Simple columnar ciliated and simple cuboidal
3) Smooth muscle and elastic fibers
4) Smooth muscle
5) Cartilage

Question 31

Answer 31

1) Terminal bronchioles
2) Simple cuboidal
3) Cuboidal epithelial cells and clara cells
4) Smooth muscle

Question 32

Answer 32

1) Respiratory bronchioles
2) Simple cuboidal
3) Albeolar ducts
4) Smooth muscle

Question 33

Answer 33

1) Alveolar ducts
2) Alveolar sacs
3) Alveolar rings

Question 34

Answer 34

1) Alveoli
2) Simple squamous
3) Type 1 and II pneumocytes
4) Elastin fibers

Question 35

Answer 35

1) Type I pneumocytes, capillary endothelial cell, fused basal lamina
2) Capillary endothelial cell
3) RBC in capillary
4) Basal lamina
5) Type I pneumocyte