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CPR Exam 1 > Cardiac Cycles and Sounds > Flashcards

Cardiac Cycles and Sounds Flashcards

1
Q

The cardiac cycle starts with what wave?

A

P-wave

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2
Q

The p-wave is associated with?

A

Atrial depolarization

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3
Q

The P wave usually initiated by?

A

SA node

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4
Q

What is the conduction velocity in the AV Node?

A

Slow

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5
Q

Due to slow conduction velocity in the AV node there is a pause between?

A

Depolarization of the atria and that of the ventricles leading to PR interval

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6
Q

The QRS complex represents the?

A

Ventricular depolarization

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7
Q

There is a time delay between the QRS and the increase in?

A

Ventricular pressure

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8
Q

The T-wave indicates?

It occurs before?

A

1) Ventricular repolarization

2) Relaxation of ventricle

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9
Q

When are all the ventricular myocytes depolarized?

A

ST interval

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10
Q

What is the duration of the cardiac cycle?

A

0.8 seconds

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11
Q

The period from the QRS complex to the T wave is the?

A

Ventricular systole

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12
Q

When does atrial systole occur?

A

During P wave

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13
Q

When does ventricular diastole occur?

A

Relaxation of ventricle (after t wave)

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14
Q

What is the range for aortic pressure?

A

80 to 120 mmHg

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15
Q

What is the range for ventricular pressure?

A

0 to 120 mmHg

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16
Q

What is the range for ventricular volume?

A

120 to 50 mL

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17
Q

What is the sudden uptick in aortic pressure when the aortic valve closes?

A

The dicrotic notch

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18
Q

What on the EKG is happening as the dicrotic notch is happening?

A

T wave winding down

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19
Q

Why does the aortic pressure drop a while after the ventricle contracts?

A

Due to peripheral runoff (blood entering peripheral tissues)

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20
Q

Why does jugular pressure increase just after the P wave?

A

Atria contract and squeeze the jugular

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21
Q

When is the peak in ventricular pressure relative to the EKG?

A

Just before T wave

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22
Q

The a wave is the jugular pressure wave created by?

A

Atrial contraction

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23
Q

Since there is no valve between the atria and great veins, the pressure is?

A

Reflected backwards

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24
Q

The c wave is the jugular pressure wave created by?

There is bulging of the wall back into?

A

1) Period of isovolumetric contraction in the ventricles

2) Atria

25
Q

The v wave is the jugular pressure wave created as?

A

Blood returns back to the heart but can’t enter ventricle

26
Q

The aortic pressure decreases throughout?

A

Atrial contraction

27
Q

When the ventricular pressure exceeds the atrial pressure what happens to the AV valves?
Why?

A

Close to prevent blood from flowing back into atria

28
Q

What is occurring in the period of isovolumetric contraction?

A

The ventricular volume remains constant while ventricular pressure increases dramatically

29
Q

Normal aortic pressure is?

A

120/70

30
Q

Normal pulmonary artery pressure is?

A

25/15

31
Q

In order to open the aortic valve, the ventricular pressure must exceed?

A

The diastolic pressure on each side

32
Q

What happens to aortic pressure when blood is ejected into the aorta?

A

Increases

33
Q

What is the period in which no blood enters or leaves the ventricle while it is relaxing because both the AV and aortic valves are closed?

A

Isovolumetric relaxation

34
Q

When the atrial pressure exceeds the ventricular pressure what happens?

A

The AV valves will open and blood moves from atria to ventricles

35
Q

What ECG wave occurs when sodium influx is occuring in atrial myocytes?

A

P wave

36
Q

The first heart sound is associated with?

What actually makes the “lub” sound?

A

1) Closure of AV valves

2) Blood in atria hitting the closed valves as it tries to enter ventricle

37
Q

The second heart sound “dub” is associated with?

What makes the sound?

A

1) Closing of the aortic and pulmonary valves

2) Blood in aorta/pulmonary artery backlows off closed valves

38
Q

What creates the third heart sound that can usually be heard in just children?

A

Blood rushing into ventricle during rapid filling phase

39
Q

When can the fourth heart sound be heard normally in children?
What creates it?

A

1) Atrial contraction

2) Last little bit of blood being squeezed into ventricle

40
Q

What ways can cause a systolic murmur?

A

1) Blood moving into atria caused by mitral regurgitation

2) Blood can’t get into aorta/pulmonary artery due to stenosis

41
Q

What ways can cause a diastolic murmur?

A

1) Blood is moving back from the aorta or pulmonary artery into the ventricle caused by aortic regurgitation
2) Blood can’t get into the ventricle due to stenosis

42
Q

What is happening to the ventricles between the c and v waves of jugular pressure?

A

Ventricles are contracting

43
Q

A slow action potential results from the influx of?

A

Calcium

44
Q

What part of the EKG matches up with the phase 0 depolarization of the ventricular myocytes?

A

QRS complex

45
Q

During diastole which heart valves are open?

A

Mitral and tricuspid valves

46
Q

During isovolumetric contraction which heart valve is open?

A

No valve is open

47
Q

Which side of the heart pumps the most blood?

A

Both sides pump the exact same

48
Q

Pressure in the outflow tracts is greater than pressure in the ventricles describes?

A

Diastole

49
Q

What occurs simultaneously to the QRS complex on an EKG strip?

A

Closure of the mitral valve

50
Q

What leads to the “topping off” of the ventricles?

A

Atrial systole

51
Q

What does an increase in preload and afterload do to murmurs?

A

Makes them louder

52
Q

What are the two diseases where murmurs are made quieter by increased afterload?

A

1) Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

2) Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM)

53
Q

Do murmurs of the right side of heart get louder or softer with inspiration?

A

Louder

54
Q

What should you expect if you hear a crescendo decrescendo murmur?

A

Aortic stenosis

55
Q

What heart issue might you expect if you hear a murmur in someone with a history of rheumatic fever?

A

Mitral valve regurgitation

56
Q

Holosystolic murmurs are often related to?

A

Tricuspid or mitral regurgitation

57
Q

What disease may correspond to a murmur in a patient with a CT disease?

A

Aortic regurgitation

58
Q

What heart sound is associated with myxomatous valvular disease?

A

Mitral valve prolapse

CPR Exam 1 (27 decks)

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