Cardiac and Vascular Histology

Question 1

What are the two parts of the transverse region of the intercalated disc?

Answer 1

Fascia adherens: actin filaments

Desmosomes: intermediate filaments

Question 2

In what layer are the coronary vessels found?

Answer 2

In the epicardial fat

Question 3

What are lipofuscin granules?

Answer 3

Small bodies of materials digested by lysosomal function. They accumulate near the nuclei as a part of aging.

Question 4

What helps smooth muscle cells contract uniformly?

Answer 4

Gap junctions

Question 5

Where are the T Tubules in the myocardium located?

Answer 5

On top of the Z discs

Question 6

What is released by myoendocrine cells?

What is its function?

Answer 6

Atrial natriuretic factor.

Tells the kidney to increase the glomeriolar filtration rate.

Question 7

What anchors the contractile apparatuses of smooth muscle to the cell wall?

Answer 7

Dense bodies

Question 8

What two structures sit on top of Z discs?

Answer 8

T Tubules

Intercalated disks

Question 9

What do we find in the longitudinal region of the intercalated disc?

Answer 9

Gap junctions

Question 10

What are dense bodies made of?

Answer 10

Desmin and vimentin

Question 11

What type of cardiac myocyte lacks T tubules and has less than normal intercalated discs?

Answer 11

Cardiac myocytes of the purkinje fibers

Question 12

What is the special name for the T Tubules of smooth muscle?

Answer 12

Caveolae

Question 13

What is the endocardium made of?

Answer 13

Endothelium and a thin layer of loose CT

Question 14

Vasa vasorum serve a function analogout to that of?

What layer is it found in?

What size arteries and veins is it found in?

Answer 14

1) Coronary arteries
2) Tunica adventitia
3) Large arteries and veins

Question 15

What tissue is directly associated with and extends into the heart valves?

Answer 15

Cardiac skeleton

Question 16

The ventricles contain Purkinje fibers of the right and left branches from?

Answer 16

AV bundle

Question 17

Individuals with Marfan syndrome have mutations in what gene?

This gene is required for?

What part of arterila wall is most likely to be affected by this syndrome due to mutation in this gene?

Answer 17

1) Fibrillin
2) Elastic fiber formation
3) Tunica media

Question 18

What capillaries are the most common in both brain and muscle?

Which are located on the GB, pituitary, and kidney?

Which are located in liver and marrow?

Answer 18

1) Continuous
2) Fenestrated
3) Discontinuous

Question 19

Pericytes are associated with the basal lamina of?

Answer 19

Capillary endothelial cells

Question 20

What vessel has no smooth muscle but a large amount of CT at its periphery?

Answer 20

Venule

Question 21

Thin filaments attach to dense bodies in what type of tissue?

Answer 21

Smooth muscle

Question 22

Arrange the vessels in the order that blood will encoutner as it flows form the output side to the input sie of the cardiovascular flow circuit.

Answer 22

1) Elastic arteries
2) Muscular arteries
3) Arterioles
4) Capillaries
5) Venules
6) Medium veins
7) Large veins

Question 23

Gap junctions, desmosomes, and adheren juncitons are specifically localized in which structure?

Answer 23

Intercalated discs

Question 24

Liver tissue have many large flattened spaces that blood moves slowly through that are lined by?

Answer 24

Sinusoidal endothelium

Question 25

Answer 25

1) Smooth Muscle
2) Non-striated and involuntary
3) Actin and myosin

Question 26

Answer 26

1) Cardiac muscle
2) Striated and involuntary
3) Actin and myosin

Question 27

Answer 27

1) Endocardium
2) Dense Fibrocollagenous CT
3) Myocardium
4) Mesothelium
5) Purkinje Fibers

Question 28

Answer 28

1) Intercalated discs
2) Specialized juncitons that bind cells together and allow excitaiton to spread
3) Myocardium
4) Intercalated discs coincide with Z-lines

Question 29

Answer 29

1) Fascia adherens transverse
2) Associate with actin filaments at the ends of terminal sarcomeres
3) Gap junctions, longitudinal
4) Allows for excitation to pass between cells
5) Desmonsomes, transverse
6) Provide anchorage via intermediate filaments

Question 30

Answer 30

1) Heart valves
2) Core of fibroelastic CT, covered with endothelium
3) Cardiac skeleton
4) Endothelium

Question 31

Answer 31

1) Tunica media
2) Internal elastic membrane
3) Tunica intima
4) Endothelium
5) Vaso vasorum
6) Artery
7) Elastic artery

Question 32

Answer 32

1) Tunica media
2) Tunica adventitia
3) Tunica intima
4) Simple squamous epithelium
5) Vein
6) Large vein (vena cava)

Question 33

Answer 33

1) Elastic artery
2) Tunica media
3) Tunica adventitia
4) Internal elastic membrane

Question 34

Answer 34

1) Large vein
2) All three tunics, adventitia is thickest, media has elastin fibers, intima has endothelium lining
3) Tunica adventitia
4) Tunica media

Question 35

Answer 35

1) Medium/muscular artery
2) Medium vein
3) Valves in vein
4a) Medium/muscular artery
4b) Medium vein

Question 36

Answer 36

1a) Small vein
1b) Small artery
2a) All three tunics, adventitia is most prominent
2b) Elastiv fibers in internal/external elastic membrane, thicker tunica media

Question 37

Answer 37

A) Arteriole

B) Venule

Question 38

Answer 38

A) Sinusoidal

B) Continuous

C) Fenestrated

Question 39

Answer 39

1) Lymphatic vessels
2) Contain fluid but lack RBCs, thinner walls
3) Lymph
4) Lymph leaks from capillaries due to differences in pressure from arteriole, collected by lymphatic capillaries

Question 40

Answer 40

1) Lymphatic vessels
2) Identical tunics to smaller arteries/veins
3) Valves to prevent lymph backflow
4) Non-encapsulated aggregate lymphatic nodules
5) Lymphocytes

Question 41

Fibroblasts are not found within which artery?

Answer 41

Large arteries

Question 42

If you need blood to quickly return into the venous system what will stop blood form flowing into the true capillaries?

Answer 42

Precapillary sphincters