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CPR Exam 1 > Circulation and Hemodynamics > Flashcards

Circulation and Hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Rank the following vessels from highest pressure to lowest: Arteries, Veins, Arterioles

A

1) Arteries
2) Arterioles
3) Veins

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2
Q

What feature of arterioles can control blood flow by changing resistance?

A

Contraction of smooth muscle walls

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3
Q

What is a large cross-sectional area of vessels with a single endothelial lining?
What goes on at this location?

A

1) Capillaries

2) Nutrient, waste, and gas exchange

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4
Q

Veins can contract to move blood to?

Why?

A

Arterial side in order to increase BP

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5
Q

What is the equation for blood flow?

A

Q (flow) = ΔP (pressure gradient) / R (resistance)

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6
Q

What is the important variable in poiseuille’s law?

A

Vessel radius (r)

R= (8ηl) / (πr^4)

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7
Q

Adding resistance beds in series?

A

Increases resistance

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8
Q

Adding resistance beds in parallel?

A

Decreases total resistance

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9
Q

What is the equation for reynolds number?

A

=pdv/η

density, diameter, velocity, viscosity

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10
Q

What would reynolds number be to transition from laminar to turbulent flow?

A

Greater than 2000

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11
Q

Turbulent blood flow can lead to?

A

Bruits and arteriosclerosis

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12
Q

What does compliance of blood vessels describe?

A

How much the vessel expands due to change in lumen hydrostatic pressure

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13
Q

What has more compliance, veins or arteries?

A

Vein

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14
Q

What happens to compliance of arteries as we age?

A

Decrease

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15
Q

Smooth muscle contraction causes a shift in compliance by?

A

Moving blood to arterial side and increasing pressure

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16
Q

The pulsatile nature at aortic end due to compliance and distention during ejection and recoil during diastole is lost by?

A

Arterioles

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17
Q

What is the greatest pressure reached in large arteries?

What is the lowest?

A

1) Systolic pressure

2) Diastolic pressure

18
Q

What does the pulse pressure equal numerically?

A

Systolic - diastolic = 40

19
Q

What does the mean pressure equal numerically?

A

diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure = 80 + (40/3) = 93.3

20
Q 
When there is a decrease in arterial compliance such as from arteriosclerosis, what happens to:
Pulse pressure?
Systolic pressure?
Mean arterial pressure
Diastolic pressure?
A

1) Increases
2) Increases
3) Increases
4) Stay same or decrease

21
Q

What are the features of pressure, compliance, and volume in veins?

A

Low pressure, high compliance, large volume

22
Q

What vessel type is primarily responsible for controlling distribution of blood?

A

Arterioles

23
Q

Where is laminar flow in a vessel?

A

Center

24
Q

What would the blood viscosity be in an anemic patient?

A

Low

25
Q

What is the flow rate of blood in the GI system if the arterial pressure is 50 at the beginning the venous pressure is 5 at the end, and the resistance throughout the GI system is 4.5?

A

10
(50-5)/4.5
Q = ΔP / R

26
Q

Small changes in radius can cause large changes in?

A

Resistance

27
Q

What does hydrostatic pressure do to fluid?

Osmotic pressure?

A

1) Pushes out

2) Pulls in

28
Q

Capillary hydrostatic pressure is what type of force?

What does it do?

A

1) Positive

2) Pushes fluid out of capillary

29
Q

Interstitial hydrostatic pressure is what type of force?

What does it do?

A

1) Negative

2) Pushes fluid into capillary

30
Q

Capillary osmotic pressure is what type of force?

What does it do?

A

1) Negative

2) Pulls fluid into capillary

31
Q

Interstitial osmotic pressure is what type of force?

What does it do?

A

1) Positive

2) Pulls fluid into interstitium

32
Q

What startling force is affected in heart failure and DVT?

What does this lead to?

A

1) Increase of hydrostatic capillary pressure

2) Movement out of capillary

33
Q

What startling force is affected in malnutrition?

What does this lead to?

A

1) Decrease of capillary osmotic pressure

2) Movement out of capillary

34
Q

What startling force is affected in lymphatic obstruction?

What does this lead to?

A

1) Increase of hydrostatic interstitial pressure

2) Movement into capillary

35
Q

When does active hyperemia occur?

A

During exercise when tissue needs more blood flow

36
Q

When does reactive hyperemia occur?

A

Increase in blood flow in response to a period of ischemia

37
Q

The blood flow to the brain, heart, and active skeletal muscle are controlled by?

A

Metabolic control

38
Q

The blood flow to the GI and skin are controlled by?

A

Sympathetic tone (central control)

39
Q

The blood flow to the lungs is controlled by?

A

Hypoxic vasoconstriction

40
Q

The blood flow to resting skeletal muscle is controlled by?

A

Central control

41
Q

What is the distribution of blood from the aorta to the various areas:

1) Cerebral
2) Coronary
3) Renal
4) GI
5) Skeletal muscle
6) Skin

A

1) 15%
2) 5%
3) 25%
4) 25%
5) 25%
6) 5%

42
Q

What effect does aortic stenosis have on BP?

A

Decreases

CPR Exam 1 (27 decks)

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