Heart Development Flashcards
The primary heart field appears around day?
What creates the primary heart field?
What arises from the primary heart fields?
1) 19
2) EPCs in splanchnic mesoderm
3) Left and right atria, as well as the left ventricle
As the primary heart field and coelom become folded beneath the embryo, the EPCs form?
These structures form?
1) Endocardial tubes
2) Tubular heart
The tubular heart’s first rhythmic contraction begins abou day?
Blood flow starts about day?
1) 22
2) 24
Cardiac looping is driven by the second heart field, what forms it?
Rupture of the dorsal mesocardium
During cardiac looping the addition of myocardium at the cranial end forms?
At the distal most end?
1) Conus arteriosus (proximal outflow tract)
2) Truncus arteriosus (distal outflow tract)
What does the conus arteriosus become?
The truncus arteriosus?
1) Outflow portion of both ventricles
2) Forms aorta and pulmonary artery
What does ventricular inversion lead to?
Right-sided left ventricle
Where does the sinus venarum and crista terminalis specifically come from?
Right horn of the sinus venosus
Where does the coronary sinus come from?
Left horn of sinus venosus
What openings come from the right horn of the sinus venosus?
1) Openings for the superior and inferior vena cava
2) Opening for the coronary sinus
What is the SVC derived from?
What is the IVC derived from?
1) Right common cardinal vein
2) Right vitelline vein
Almost all of the heart comes from what layer of embryonic tissue?
Splanchnic mesoderm
What does the remnants of dorsal mesocardium (proepicardial organ) become in the adult heart?
Epicardium
What is responsible for forming the fibrous portions of the AV septum and outflow tract?
Endocardial cushion tissue
In septa formation the outflow tract is derived from?
1) Endocardial cushion tissue
2) NCC
What does atrial septation start with?
Septum primum that grows from atria towards endocardial cushion and AV septum
What is the hole in septum primum near AV septum?
Foramen primum
What gives rise to foramen secundum?
1) AV septum from endocardial cushion fills foramen primum
2) Apoptosis occurs at cranial end of septum primum
What grows toward AV region and overlaps the majority of septum primum?
The leftover hole created is called?
1) Septum secundum
2) Foramen ovale
Foramen ovale should close after birth due to?
Infant taking their first breath and increasing pressure in LA so septum fuses
What is the presentation for Tetralogy of Fallot?
1) Pulmonary stenosis
2) Right ventricular hypertrophy
3) Overriding aorta
4) VSD
(PROVe)
Which shunt direction leads to early cyanosis?
Which shunt direction is acyanotic at birth?
1) Right to left
2) Left to right
What shunt direction is VSD?
What does it lead to?
Acyanotic or cyanotic at birth?
How prevalent is it?
1) Left to right
2) RV hypertrophy
3) Acyanotic
4) Most common congenital cardiac defect
What shunt direction is persistent truncus arteriosus?
What does it lead to?
Acyanotic or cyanotic at birth?
Patients also have?
1) Right to left
2) Outflow tract doesn’t get divided
3) Cyanotic
4) VSD
